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锔瓷技艺

       ①锔瓷,是指陶瓷器修补技术。

       ②中国是瓷器的发源地。瓷器光亮圆润、坚固耐磨,因而广泛用于日常生活。但瓷器易碎,且无法通过粘合或捆绑复原。在生活水平底下的年代,市场有碎瓷再生的需求。同时瓷器可制成工艺品,有的晶莹剔透,有的大器沉雄。这些作品往往出自于大师之手,不可重复,不得再生,只有修补。于是,锔瓷技术便应运而生。

       ③锔瓷需要金刚钻,因为瓷器的硬度非常高,其它金属钻头都无法钻孔打眼,所以民间有“没有金刚钻,别揽瓷器活”的说法。

       ④锔瓷讲究精工细作。比如紫砂壶的锔补,因为壶壁较薄,锔钉眼的深度要控制在壶壁的一半,这种精确到毫米的工作,完全靠工匠的手感。用力稍欠,深度不够,则事倍功半;用力稍过,壶壁钻透,则前功尽弃。再如形似订书钉的“锔钉”,两只脚打入钉眼时角度要好,否则难看不说,天长日久就走形了。

       ⑤在将碎瓷修补完好的基础上,如何使这些再生之器看得上眼,就要讲点艺术了。因为单纯的修补只是匠活,而修复却不觉丑陋,再生而没有缺憾,就接近艺术了。乾隆年间兴起的“锔活秀”,要求锔匠们在修补瓷器时,重视对器具的装饰,能将镶嵌、锻打等工艺融入锔补拼接中。于是对瓷器进行镶边、雕花、包口、刻字等修饰工艺便产生了。

       ⑥“锔合以道”是这项技艺的顶峰,碎瓷的每一条裂纹,每一道缝隙都有它的走势和趋向,工匠的匠心在于通过艺术构思,运用精湛的手艺,在残缺的器物上完成二次创作,此时的作品雅性自然:破碎的纹路或直或斜,亦曲亦直,状如枝蔓,形似闪电,自然而生,看似有为却若无为,从而达到“补而不失其真,修而愈增其美”的化境。

       ⑦锔瓷技艺的起源已无法考证,但《清明上河图》描绘了锔匠做活的一幕,可见他至少跨越了千年历程。锔瓷是一门成人之美的手艺,每一次成功修复破损的物件,就像是修复一份破碎的感情,但社会在前进,伴随着中国工业化的发展和人民生活水平的提高,锔瓷技艺日渐式微,昔日串街走巷的锔瓷工匠,已经淡出人们的视野。

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同类题4

阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、 B 、C 、D)中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

    One month ago, my daughter started kindergarten. As usual, I wished her success. I was telling a lie. What I actually wish for her is 1. I believe in the power of failure.

    Success is 2 in a sense. Success is proving that you can do something that you already know you can do, or doing something correctly the first time, which can 3 be a problematic victory. First-time success is usually a fluke (侥幸). First-time failure, 4, is expected; it is the natural order of things.

    Failure is how we learn. I have been told of an African phrase 5 a good cook as “she who has broken many pots”. If you have spent enough time in the 6 to have broken a lot of pots, probably you know a fair amount about 7. I once had a late dinner with a group of chefs, and they spent time 8 knife wounds and burn scars. They knew how much credibility (可信度) their 9 gave them.

    I earn my 10 by writing a daily newspaper column. Each week I am 11 that one column is going to be the worst column of the week. I don't just set out to write it; I try my best every day. 12, every week, one column is inferior (较差的) to the others, sometimes extremely so.

    I have learned to 13 that column. A successful column usually means that I am treading (踏) on 14 ground, going with tricks that work, or dressing up popular ideas in fancy words. Often in my inferior columns, I am trying to 15 something I've never done before, something that I'm not even sure can be done.

    My daughter is a perfectionist. She will feel her failures, and I will want to 16 her. But I will also, I hope, 17 her of what she learned, and how she can do 18 next time. I probably won't tell her that failure is a good thing, because that's not a(n) 19 you can learn when you're five. I hope I can tell her, though, that it's not the end of the world. Indeed, with luck, it is the 20.