阅读材料，并回答问题。

材料一“延长的16世纪扩张”实际上是从15世纪初开始的，它持续到17世纪乃至18世纪。这次扩张……中国等主要亚洲国家，包括进出口贸易在内的贸易都迅速增长，收入和消费也可能迅速增长。在政治上，这次扩张表现为中国明—清帝国等亚洲主要国家的兴盛。……最终，中国成为最大的白银“秘窖”。由于中国具有相对更大的生产力和竞争力，因此吸储了更多的白银。但是，中国和其他地方一样，新增的货币造成了有效需求的增长，刺激了生产和消费的增长，从而支持了人口的增长。但是在政治经济体不够灵活、缺乏扩张能力的地方，生产的增长跟不上货币供给的增长，货币供给的增加就未能促进生产、消费以及人口的增长。在这种情况下，有效需求的增长促成了通货膨胀。欧洲就是这种情况。

——摘自“弗兰克《白银资本》”

材料二工业革命推动资本主义世界市场基本形成。随着英国世界殖民霸主地位的确立，广阔的殖民地为其带来巨大的市场和商业利润，工场手工业不能满足市场的需要，在18世纪下半期以蒸汽机应用为标志的工业革命兴起了，机器大生产的产品远远超出国内市场的容量，需要更广阔的国际市场，工厂生产需要的原料多来自世界各地，同时工业革命也为工业资产阶级提供了便捷的交通手段及轰开落后地区大门的坚船利炮，在工业革命推动下，资产阶级的全球扩张把整个世界联系为一个整体，马克思在《共产党宣言》中这样描述资产阶级，由于一切生产工具的迅速改进，由于交通的极其便利，把一切民族甚至最野蛮的民族都卷进文明中来了，它的商品的低廉价格，是它用来摧毁一切万里长城，征服最野蛮最顽强抵抗的仇外心理的重炮。

——何兰《资本主义世界市场的形成及殖民体系研究》

    While beach vacations may be a great way to take your mind off work，lakes surrounded by mountains make for an even grander experience．If you are looking for some peace on your vacation，we have some recommendations for you in the Caucasus(高加索)．

Lake Sevan

    Lake Sevan is situated in the central part of Armenia，in the Gegharkunik province．It is the largest lake in Armenia，located 6,200ft above sea level．Along the lake shore，there are various accommodations such as resorts and hotels with plenty of activities to partake in such as windsurfing，swimming and sunbathing．While there，do not forget to visit one of the famous cultural monuments，the Sevanavank Monastery，and it offers a great view of the lake as well．

Lake Paravani

    Lake Paravani，located at 6,801ft above sea level，is in the south of Georgia，near the Javakheti plateau．At this level，altitude sickness can occur and it is a good idea to be prepared to adapt to it properly，or bring medication for altitude sickness．Being a volcanic lake makes for a more interesting experience．The lake is best known for fishing．Do not come home during the winter months when the lake freezes．

Lake Cildir

    Lake Cildir is located in the Ardahan province，East Turkey，near the borders of Georgia and Armenia．It is the second largest freshwater lake of Eastern Turkey，and many tourists are not aware of this beautiful attraction．Lake Cildir is surrounded by mountains of the Caucasus．The lake freezes during late November．If the winter is not extremely cold，you can try some lake activities like ice skating and ice fishing．

Lake Van

    Lake Van is the must visit of all lakes in this list．The largest lake in Turkey，Lake Van is located on the eastern shore of Turkey and is also the most accessible lake here．It's situated at 5，380ft above sea level，and unique to lakes around the world，the water is high in salt content．