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    When we think about happiness, we usually think of something surprising and unexpected, a top great delight.

    For a child, happiness has a magic quality. I remember playing police and robbers in the woods, getting a speaking part in the school play. Of course, kids also experience lows, but their delight at tops of pleasure is easily seen, such as winning a race or getting a new bike.

    For teenagers, or people under 20, the idea of happiness changes. Suddenly it's conditional on such things as excitement, love, and popularity. I can still feel the pain of not being invited to a party that almost everyone else was going to. I also recall the great happiness of being invited at another event to dance with a very handsome young man.

    In adulthood the things that bring great joy — birth, love, marriage — also bring responsibility and the risk of loss. Love may not last; loved ones die. For adults, happiness is complex.

    My dictionary explains “happy” as “lucky” or “ fortunate”, but I think a better explanation of happiness is “ the ability to enjoy something”. The more we can enjoy what we have, the happier we are. It's easy for us not to notice the pleasure we get from loving and being loved, the company of friends, the freedom to love where we please, and even good health. Nowadays, with so many choices and much pleasure, we have turned happiness into one more thing we have. We think we own the right to have it, which makes us extremely unhappy. So we try hard to get it and consider it to be the same as wealth and success, without noticing that the people who have those things aren't necessarily happier.

    While happiness may be more complex for us, the answer is the same as ever. Happiness isn't about what happens to us. It's the ability to find a positive for every negative, and view a difficulty as a challenge. Don't be sad for what we don't have, but enjoy what we do possess.

同类题3

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王忠诚院士:当个好医生不容易

    1952年,王忠诚从朝鲜战场回到天津。碰巧国家卫生部在天津筹建神经外科培训班,他毫不犹豫地申请加入,成为新中国第一批神经外科医生。

    “人脑就像豆腐一样,很软,一捏就坏了。里面集中了人体20%的血液,神经纤维比头发丝还细,线路非常复杂。”王忠诚上大学时解剖课曾考满分,可学习脑神经外科还是明显感到有难度。“大脑是人的生命、思想、行动的中枢系统。神经系统一旦患病,通常表现都较严重,轻则瘫痪、痴呆,重则往往有生命危险。”

    那时,学习科研条件艰苦。王忠诚白天上班,晚上学习。由于西方对中国实行封锁政策,他和同事只能靠着少得可怜的翻译材料进行摸索。一年后,王忠诚首次为脑部肿瘤患者实施手术,获得成功,这极大地鼓舞了他的信心。当时,中国能初步掌握的脑部疾病诊断办法是气体造影,这种方法有2%~3%的危险性,且病人要承受头疼欲裂的巨大痛苦。此时,国外已有较先进的脑血管造影技术,危险性降至0.1%~0.3%,病人基本感受不到痛苦。

    为此,整整一个夏天,王忠诚和同伴泡在医院一间密不透风的房间里,反复在尸体上进行研究和试验,终于自主成功掌握脑血管造影技术。又经多年临床实践和不断完善,他于1965年出版了《脑血管造影术》。这本专著被视为标志中国神经外科划时代的进步,使中国神经外科诊断技术同世界先进水平缩短了30年。

然而,由于那时隔离防护措施较差,王忠诚长期几乎是完全暴露在放射线中,他的白血球数降至3000多,不及正常人的一半。为此,他特别怕感冒发烧,曾先后八次患肺炎,两次险些丧命。可他说:“豁出去了!外国人能做,我们也一定要想办法研究出来。”自此,数不清的病人受益。

    2001年9月16日,在悉尼召开的“世界神经外科联合会第12次国际大会”上,王忠诚被授予“最高荣誉奖章”。

    几十年如一日,始终面对脑部造影和手术台,会不会觉得乏味?王忠诚说:“人的情况太复杂,每个病例都不一样,都是全新的挑战。每天都在进步。”

    20世纪80年代,CT技术、显微手术等引进中国,王忠诚的神经外科医疗技术也日臻完善。他曾是世界唯一完成开颅手术逾万例的医生,这个数字曾被国外同行误以为多写了一个零,王忠诚也因此被誉为“万颅之魂”。

    王忠诚又向一直被国际医学界视为手术禁区的“脑干”进行探索。脑干是人的生命中枢,在这里“动刀子”,被称作是“在万丈深渊上走钢丝”,每一个细微动作都可能关系到生死存亡。经过十几年攻关,王忠诚终于循序渐进地突破了这个禁区。1995年11月,他在悉尼召开的国际神经外科大会上作了题为《脑干肿瘤250例》的学术报告,震惊了世界同行。到2010年,他做了600余例脑干肿瘤手术,数量之多,死亡率之低,始终保持世界第一。

    “所谓‘好医生’,不是不犯错,而是不断总结成功经验,吸取失败教训,尽可能少犯错。”尽管手术死亡率已经是全世界最低,但王忠诚仍然说,人的实际情况太复杂,每个案例都不尽相同,经常有意想不到的情况,即使非常小心有时也难免出错。说起从事一生的事业,王忠诚皱着眉头说:“当医生太不容易了,要小心,小心,再小心。”所以,他总是告诫学生,“下诊断永远别说百分之百。”

    “病人也对我们的成长做出很大贡献。”这是他常挂在嘴边的话。

    每次手术后,王忠诚总是不放心,总想去看看,或者打电话询问病人的康复情况。他说:“我们不但要把人救活,还要让他能活蹦乱跳才行。”他还强调,对于医生而言,一重技术,二重品质,“没有好的医德,再好的医术也发挥不出来。”