题干

17世纪的英国资产阶级革命,第一次在欧洲大国推翻了封建君主专制,建立起资本义国家,具有划时代的意义。18世纪的法国大革命,是一场更为彻底的资产阶级革命:其影响波及整个欧洲。在经历多次反复之后,英国逐步形成较稳定的议会制君主立宪制,法国最终确立了民主共和制。它们都对现代资本主义国家政体的形成产生了重要影响。

根据所学的知识,你认为有哪些因素导致英法两国最终形成形式迥异的政体。

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答案(点此获取答案解析)

(1)英国资产阶级革命中,资产阶级与新贵族结成联盟,形成比封建势力更强大的力量,迫使封建贵族在革命后走妥协的道路,因而英国最终以革命加改良的方式建立起君主立宪制政体。(2)大革命前的法国总体上是一个封建农业国,封建势力特别强大,王权高度集中。封建势力对资产阶级和农民采用高压政策,资产阶级、广大民众只能采取彻底的资产阶级革命方式推翻封建王权。最终确立了资本主义民主共和制度。(3)综观英国社会政治历史的发展进程,英国政治文化传统比较保守,善于妥协,政体变革往往采用渐进方式,这是英国君主立宪政体形成的另一个重要

同类题1

根据短文理解,选择正确答案。

    A telescope, called Gaia, is being designed by astronomers in Europe, and it couldn't be more different from Pan-STARRS, which is another telescope being designed. While Pan-STARRS will be looking for asteroids (小行星) and comets headed for Earth, Gaia will be looking at our entire galaxy (银河系).

    Gaia is designed to draw a map of the Milky Way, our home galaxy. Just as a map of your town gives you a picture of where things are located, Gaia's map of the galaxy will tell astronomers where the stars are. Over five years, Gaia will observe (观察) about a billion stars and other objects in our galaxy. Each object will be observed about 70 times.

    Gaia will be sent into space connected to a rocket. It contains two telescopes, each focused at a different angle (角度). These two telescopes act like Gaia's “eyes”. The reason why humans can see things in 3D is that we have two eyes focused on the same object, at slightly different angles. By using two telescopes like eyes, Gaia can produce the first 3D map of the positions of the stars it views.

    Gaia, which is to be sent into space, will be a powerful telescope. If you were to use it on Earth, for example, you could stand 600 miles away from your best friends and still get a clear picture of their hair.

    Gaia is one of more than a dozen telescopes being designed by scientists right now. The next generation of telescopes will reveal new parts of our universe that will seem surprising. The universe, with all its planets, stars and other strange objects, is a puzzle with pieces that we can see by using powerful telescopes.

同类题4

阅读下面的文字,完成1-3题。

令人警惕的网络低俗语言

①6月2日,人民网舆情监测室发布《网络低俗语言调查报告》。报告显示,按照原发微博提及量排行,有25个网络低俗词语上榜,其中,“尼玛”位居第一“你妹”“矮矬穷”“我靠”“滚粗”等榜上有名。

②报告指出,网络低俗语言产生共有四大途径。—是生活中的脏话经由网络变形而受到广泛传播;二是词谱因输入法运用而呈现出象形创造;三是英文发音的中文化、方言发音的文字化使网络低俗语言不断翻新;四是网民自我矮化、讽刺挖苦的创造性词语。

③网络低俗语言的使用,主要有以情绪发泄为目的的网络谩骂、以恶意中伤为手段的语言暴力、以粗鄙低俗为个性的网民表达等三方面的现象。部分网民在不深入了解事实的情况下,将情绪性的谩骂宣泄向公共空间。现实社会里的粗鄙化市侩化的语言也在互联两上蔓延开来,并经由网络再创造,如野草一般疯长,论坛、微博、微信中广泛应用的污言秽语污染了语言环境的清洁。据统计,2014年全年中,12个网络低俗用词的原发微博数量达到百万次以上,4个网络低俗用词的原发微博数量达到了千万次以上。

④值得注意的是,网络语言低俗化向传统媒体转移已有显现,—些网络低俗用语竟堂而皇之地成为某些报纸的标题,某些主持人在电视节目中公然把“屌丝”等低俗用语常挂嘴边。部分文化载体无视媒体的社会责任,也加入到了语言暴力的恶俗狂欢乏中。

⑤上述情况,引起了许多有识之士的警惕。专家表示,清理网络低俗语言势在必行,只要多措并举,积极推动线上线下舆论生态的良性互动,努力净化网络语言环境,就一定能为中国改革事业提供稳定的网络民意基盘。

(《选自《人民文摘》,有删改)