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    Why do plants grow in some places but not in others? Why does some land have so many plants growing on it, while other land has almost no plants growing on it at all?

    To grow, plants need several things. One is warmth. In very cold places almost nothing grows. Plants also need water. In very dry parts of the Earth only a few unusual plants can grow. That's why there are almost no trees or grass in dry deserts.

    Plants must also have a place to put down their roots and grow. They find it difficult to grow on hard land. The town is built(被建立) on hard land. The plants there have only the soil between the cracks of the stones to grow in.

    Another thing plants must have before they can grow is food. What will happen if we try to make things grow on the sandy beach? A few plants, such as grass, will grow in sand, but most plants won't. Even if the weather is warm enough and we water the plants each day, many of them will die because the sand on this beach has almost no food for plants.

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【甲】

       山不在高,有仙则。水不在深,有龙则灵。斯是陋室,惟吾德馨。苔痕上阶绿,草色入帘青。谈笑有鸿儒,往来无白丁。可调素琴,阅金经。无丝竹之乱耳,无案牍之劳形。南阳诸葛庐,西蜀子云亭。孔子云:何陋有?

(刘禹锡《陋室铭》)

【乙】

       黄冈之地多竹,大者如椽。竹公破之,刳节,用代陶瓦。比屋皆然,以其价廉而工省也。

       子城西北隅,雉堞圮毁,蓁莽荒秽,因作小楼二间,与月波楼通。远吞山光,平挹江濑,幽阒辽复,不可状。夏宜急雨,有瀑布声;冬宜密雪,有碎玉声。宜鼓琴,琴调虚畅;宜咏诗,诗韵清绝;宜围棋,子声丁丁然;宜投壶,矢声铮铮然:皆竹楼之所助也。

       公退之,披鹤氅,戴华阳巾,手执《周易》一卷,焚香默坐,消遣世虑。江山之外,第见风帆沙鸟、烟云竹树而已。待其酒力醒,茶烟歇,送夕阳,迎素月,亦谪居之胜概也。

       己亥闰三月,到郡。四年之间,奔走不暇,未知明年又在何处!岂惧竹楼之易朽乎?幸后之人与我同志,嗣而茸之,庶斯楼之不朽也

(节选自王禹傅《黄州新建小竹楼记》)

     【注】①刳(kū):剖,削。②雉堞:城墙。③平挹江濑(1ài):奔流的江水尽收眼底。濑,湍急的水。

④辽复:写视野的辽阔绵远。复,绵远。