The Great Wall of China is more than 6,000 kilometres long. It winds ____ (it) way from west to east, across deserts, over mountains, through valleys____at last it reaches the sea. The Great Wall has a history of over twenty centuries. The first part of it ____(build) during the Spring and Autumn period. During the Qin Dynasty, ____(keep) the enemy out of his empire, Emperor Qin Shi Huang had all the walls ____(join) up. Thus, the Great Wall came into being. The Great Wall is wide enough at ____top for five horses or ten men to walk side by side. Along the wall are watchtowers, ____soldiers used to keep watch. Fires were lit on the towers as a ____ (warn) when the enemy came.

    It was ____(extreme)difficult to build such a wall in the ancient days without any modern machines. All the work was done ____hand. Thousands of men died and were buried under the wall they built. The Great Wall was made not only of stone and earth, but of the flesh and blood of millions of men.

图中实线和虚线分别是x轴上传播的一列简谐横波在t＝0和t＝0.03 s时刻的波形图，x＝1.2 m处的质点在t＝0.03 s时刻向y轴正方向运动．则(　　)

材料一：人民为自由而战，寻求真正的解放。女王的荣光，查理的断首，都镌刻着“王在议会，法为习惯”的字样。
材料二：革命的烈焰将国王推上了断头台，巍峨的凯旋门见证了拿破仑创造的奇迹……这个民族从不畏惧硝烟和战火的洗礼，因为他们更爱自由和真理。
材料三：独立与自由根植于美利坚灵魂深处，为此它不惜与母邦兵戎相见……
请回答：
(1)材料一中“王在议会，法为习惯”体现出该国确定了怎样的资产阶级统治？ 这一政治体制确立的标志是什么？ 
(2)材料二反映的是哪国资产阶级革命？ 在革命过程中颁布巩固其成果的法律文件是什么？
(3)材料三中涉及的革命战争开始的标志是什么？ “母邦”指哪国？
(4)上述材料反映的重大事件的共同作用是什么？

王阳明与两学生王汝中、省曾坐室中，天气闷热，王阳明叫学生摇扇取凉，省曾连说：“不敢”，怕在老师面前失礼。王阳明开导他：“圣人之学，不是这等细缚苦楚的，不是装作道学模样。”这表明王阳明（    ）