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    The need to feed a growing population is putting much pressure on the world's supply of water. With 97% of the world's water too salty to be drunk or used in agriculture, the worldwide supply of water needs careful management, especially in agriculture. Although the idea of a water shortage(短缺)seems strange to someone fortunate enough to live in a high rainfall country, many of the world's agricultural industries experience constant water shortages.

    Although dams can be built to store water for agricultural use in dry areas and dry seasons, the costs of water redistribution(重新分配)are very high. Not only is there the cost of the engineering itself, but there is also an environmental cost to be considered. Where valleys(山谷)are flooded to create dams, houses are lost and wildlife homes destroyed. Besides, water may flow easily through pipes to fields, but it cannot be transported from one side of the world to the other. Each country must therefore rely on the management of its own water to supply its farming requirements. This is particularly troubling for countries with agricultural industries in areas dependent on irrigation. In Texas, farmers' overuse of irrigation water has resulted in a 25% reduction of the water stores.

    In the Central Valley area of southwestern USA, a huge water engineering project provided water for farming in dry valleys, but much of the water use has been poorly managed.

    Saudi Arabia's attempts to grow wheat in desert areas have seen the pumping of huge quantities of irrigation water from underground reserves. Because there is no rainfall in these areas, such reserves can only decrease, and it is believed that fifty years of pumping will see them run dry.

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阅读下列材料,结合所学知识回答问题。

材料一:秦皇汉武统一中国,建立南北统一的文化,以《诗经》为代表的黄河文化和以楚辞为代表的长江文化互相融合为一,构成我们中华民族古代文化的主体。汉武帝时“罢黜百家,独尊儒术”,儒家文化进一步系统化,成为统治阶级的意识形态,并经过长期的积累、叠加、发展而成为汉民族的文化传统,决定着我们民族精神状况的内容和活动方向。到了西汉末年,佛教传入,与中原文化和长江文化的交融是依赖于政治的统一不同,佛学的传入则是纯粹的文化运动。它与汉文化区别如此之大,以致从佛教与儒家的冲突直到合一,其间经历了近千年。

材料二:20世纪特别是第二次世界大战之后,欧洲中心主义被彻底击溃,西欧、北美总想从中国文化中找到灵感,找到救世良方。在西方人看来,中国的儒家文化是中国人的精神支柱,是传统的基础。认为儒家文化是一种可以与现代经济方式相结合、并给与经济发展以内在动力的精神文化形态,儒家文化不仅是历史现象,也是思考方式和生命存在形态。西方各国特别是美国政府和财团,投入大量资金用于对东方文化的研究。东方文化带给西方的不再是彼岸世界的传奇故事,而是使西方人的观念和生活方式发生某些根本变化的运动。

——以上材料均引自张国光《在历史的地平线上》

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