When I was about 13, I had an enemy, a girl who liked to point out my shortcomings (缺点). Sometimes she said I was lazy. Sometimes she said I wasn't a good student.____ . I tried to put up with (忍受) her as long as I could. At last, I became very angry. ____ .
    My father listened to me quietly, and then he asked, “Are the things she said true or not? Go and make a list of everything she said and mark the points that are true. Pay no attention to the other things she said.”
I returned to my room and I did as my father told me. To my surprise, I found that about half the things were true. ____ . He refused to take the list. “That's just for you,” he said. “When something said about you is true, you'll find it will be helpful to you. Listen to them all, but hear the truth and do what you think is right.”
     Many years have passed. ____. In our life we often meet with some trouble and we often go to someone and ask for advice. For some advice you will treasure (珍惜) all your life!

材料一：在王阳明（1472—1528）生活的时代，也就是15，16世纪之间，很多人对笼罩在社会生活之上的官方政治意识形态和始终控制士人知识与思想的科举制度已经相当反感，尽管大多数士人还是年复一年地按照官方认可的教条在背诵，但是，士人中间已经有相当多的另类取向。特别应当看到的是，当时的社会生活已经有相当大的变化，种种迹象表明，在嘉靖以后，民间社会渐渐拥有较大的空间，市民生活风气也趋向多样化，伦理同一性的约束越来越小，而官方的控制也越来越松弛。1579年，何心隐被杀，表明这种追求自然自由的思想在强调社会秩序的社会中初次受挫，而1602年，李贽的自杀似乎是这一狂飙时代结束的象征性标志。

——葛兆光《中国思想史》

材料二：马丁·路德是神学博士、威腾贝格大学神学教授、威腾贝格修道院院长。1510年，他带着虔诚的心情朝拜罗马城，看到的却是一片腐败。他痛感个人无力无助，再研读《圣经》，发现保罗的训诫有“义人必因信得生”；《福音书》中说，耶稣基督之死已经代替人类在上帝面前赎罪，只要信仰耶稣，就可以得救。他顿觉彻悟，认为信仰的唯一依据是《圣经》，罗马教廷的一整套制度和神学理论已经背离了基督教教义。此后他开始倡导“因信称义”，认为信仰的本质是内心活动，而不在于形式和行为，每个人都可以直接与上帝沟通，基督徒在上帝面前是人人平等的，可以通过《圣经》直接和上帝对话，不用神父做中介。

——任世江《高中历史必修课程专题解析》