题干

2014年七夕节期间爆发的手机超级病毒“XX神器一天之内感染60多万部手机,而其始作俑者则是深圳一名19岁的大一学生。下列关于这一行为的叙述,错误的是(   )

A:这属于思想意识问题,没有违法

B:这种行为己经违法,应受到法律制裁

C:无线网络时代,手机用户应该增强防范意识

D:人人都应自觉遵守网络道德规范

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答案(点此获取答案解析)

A

同类题4

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秦汉时代的普遍知识与一般思想

葛兆光

    秦汉时代的普遍知识与一般思想,大致可以归纳如下。

    “天”仍然是判断与理解的基本依据。仿效“天”的构造,模拟“天”的运行,遵循“天”的规则,就可以获得思想与行为的合理性。在人们心目中,凡是仿效“天”的,就能够拥有“天”的神秘与权威,于是,这种“天”的意义,在祭祀仪式中转化为神秘的支配力量,在占卜仪式中转化为神秘的对应关系。不仅是一般民众,就连天子与贵族也相信合理依据和权力基础来自于“天”,秦汉时代皇宫的建筑要仿效天的结构,汉代的墓室顶部要绘上天的星象,祭祀的场所更要仿造一个与天体一致的结构。

    “天”所显示的自然法则更加明确地被一些基本的数字概念所表述,而这些概念又被具体化为一些可以操作的技术,于是“天”与“人”之间就被联系起来。首先是“一”。在秦汉时代,它既是宇宙的中心、唯一的本原、至上的神祇,又是天下一统、君主权威、理性法则、知识基础和一切的终极依据。其次是“二”。“二”即阴阳,既可以指日月、天地,也可以指君臣、上下,以及从阴阳引申出来的冷暖、湿燥、尊卑、贵贱。再次是“五”。在《吕氏春秋》中,思想家曾为“五”并列出种种匹配的事物和现象。这说明人们普遍相信“五行”可以归纳和整理宇宙间的一切,使宇宙整齐有序。相反,如果五行、五色、五声、五味、五方、五脏、五祀等等发生紊乱,人们就要用技术将其调整过来,否则人就会生病,社会就会混乱,宇宙就会无序。比如朝代的变更,要顺序地吻合五德的排行;人们的服饰,要顺序地吻合五色的轮次。这种数字概念经历了漫长的整合和论证过程,在秦汉时代终于以系统的形式固定下来。

    沟通天地人神的权力仍然被少数术士所掌握。大多数人相信,他们由于有某些特殊的禀赋与训练,拥有与神秘世界对话的能力,人们需要通过他们与天、与神灵、与祖先交流。

    当时人们关心的中心问题有以下几类。一是生命。铜镜铭文这样的考古资料透露了秦汉时代人们的生活观念,看来当时的人们相信人是可以不死的,不过也相信人之永恒极其困难。如果说铜镜铭文、帛画、画像石中的神仙内容及秦汉方士的求仙寻药炼金活动,反映了人们对生命的期望和想象,那么很明显,他们也努力地探索过人体的奥秘与医疗技术,张家山汉简中的《脉书》、马王堆帛书中的《五十二病方》等,就反映了人们的焦虑和忧患。正是在这种期望和想象、焦虑和忧患中,人们逐渐形成了生死观念。二是幸福。在秦汉的一般思想世界中,精神上的自由和超越作为人生幸福的内容,渐渐退居次要地位,对幸福的期望往往被普遍的神仙信仰具体化和世俗化,精神上的自由和超越被生理上的自由和超越(永生)所取代,“富贵”与子孙“繁衍”成了更现实的追求,铜镜铭文中那么多的“富贵”和“宜子孙”的字样就是明证。三是国家。当诸侯国家日益消亡或削弱,各种文化区域日趋混融成为一个文化共同体的时候,人们开始彼此认同。“天下”一词在当时是一个较纯粹的政治概念,当人们逐渐有了更广泛的地理知识之后,人们认识到自己所熟悉的地域只是天下的一部分,于是又常常使用“海内”一词。“海内”一词在当时成了中国人的文化疆域的代名词,凡是生活在海内的人,凡是有共同语言、习俗、观念与服饰的海内人,都是“文化意义”上的“中国人”,文化意义上的共同体已经在人们心目中确立了。

(本文有删改)

同类题5

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    Leaving Hanoi on a fiercely hot summer day,after an hour by air,Luang Prabang gradually appears below our airplane wings.From a few hundred meters above,my first impression of this UNESCO-listed heritage(遗产)is an area of green land and mountains,surrounded by snaking rivers.

    Encircled by mountains,the former royal capital of Luang Prabang is more than just the country's picture-perfect showpiece.

    Travelers will be attracted to Luang Prabang by the city's timeless peacefulness with its shiny Buddhist temples, French colonial architecture and friendly people.

    Tourists visiting Luang Prabang shouldn't miss the chance to see one of the most sacred(神圣的)Lao traditions, tak bat,or the Buddhist almsgiving ritual(仪式),which dates back to the 14th century.

    As the sun rises in Luang Prabang,hundreds of Buddhist monks depart from their temples to gather their daily offerings,which most commonly are rice,fresh fruit and traditional sweet snacks.The daily alms gathering begins on the main street before spreading to all the side streets.

    Our group of six got out of our comfy beds at 5 am to join other local residents and tourists to offer alms to the monks.We kneeled by the roadside in front of the 3 Nagas Hotel on the main street with big baskets of steamed sticky rice,waiting quietly until monks of all ages passed by to accept our gifts.

    The daily ritual gives you a wonderful opportunity to experience an ancient Lao tradition.However,there are some strict rules if you wish to join the event.

    Firstly,shoulders,chests and legs must be covered in modest clothing as a mark of respect.You should also remain a suitable distance from the monks.Photographs may be taken,but from a distance and never use a camera flash.The ritual has to be performed in silence.Talking to or touching the monks at any time,even when making an offering,is not allowed.

    Another must-do morning activity is to visit the local market,where you can see the generosity that Mother Nature offers this dreamy land.While walking through the morning market,located within a long and narrow hamlet,I was excited to see all kinds of products from the nearby river and jungle: some ill-fated squirrels lying next to fresh bamboo shoots,different kinds of wild mushrooms and vegetables displayed on banana leaves and giant river catfish in baskets.

    Although Luang Prabang is small,there are many things to see here.Active travelers can get up close and personal with Laos' gentle giants at the elephant conservation camp or take in some scenes of riverside life with a cruise or kayak excursion on the rivers.Two waterfalls that are perfect for picnicking in the foothills nearby,and classes are available in traditional crafts.