阅读理解

    Young children from poor families are more likely to consume junk food and fizzy drinks(汽水) than their richer companions. A study of 1,800 four- and five-year-olds found more than half of those from poor backgrounds drank at least one a week, compared to just four in ten oofy kids. They also drank less milk and consumed more fruit juice which is also linked to child obesity (肥胖) caused by high sugar intake(摄取量).

    The phenomenon also relates to children who spend more than two hours a day in front of a TV or playing computer games—whatever their social circumstances. A companion study also found children from poor families were more likely to eat chips, sweets and chocolate. Professor Kate Storey said, “when you are looking at that age group, and such a large percentage of very young kids in the study are consuming a large amount of soda(苏打汽水)，it is quite concerning. ”

    The researchers carried out the study by surveying the parents of their participants to find out their dietary habits. Professor Storey said, “If you are drinking a lot of soda and fruit juice, they can displace(取代)consumption of water and milk, which are important not just for ending thirst, but for developing healthy bones and teeth, and health and wellness in general.”

    Co-researcher Dr John Spence said, “Dietary behavior and intake patterns are influenced heavily by what happens in the first few years with children, and they maintain those patterns throughout childhood and into adolescence(青少年时期).” In addition to basic health education, this study identifies a need in how we are dealing with poverty and recognizing there is more to poverty than simply the number of dollars people have.

    Professor Storey said that shows how education can make a difference and lead to healthier eating habits, regardless of what is happening at home. “Many families live in places that might not be very healthy for them and, as a result, they make unhealthy food choices. You can start making a difference in different places. It calls for action in multiple settings, schools and communities, for example. That light-bulb moment can happen in a variety of places,” Professor Storey added.

pH的测定是中学化学中重要的定量实验．

（1）下列关于pH测定的说法正确的是____ ．

a．用pH试纸测得某盐酸的pH=2.3

b．将pH试纸直接插入待测溶液，取出后再与标准比色卡对比

c．用pH试纸测新制氯水的pH

d．能使pH试纸显红色的溶液显酸性

（2）某同学先用蒸馏水润湿pH试纸，再用该试纸分别测定c（OH^﹣）相等的NaOH溶液和氨水的pH，误差较大的是____ ．

因我国已出现了人口老龄化现象，故必须采取鼓励生育的人口政策．（判断对错）

菊事

丁立梅

    ①去年冬天，我把一盆开过花的菊，随手丢弃在屋旁，连同装它的瓦盆。

    ②屋旁有巴掌大的空地，没人理它，它便自作主张地在里面长婆婆纳，长狗尾巴草，长车前子，长蒲公英，还长荠菜。我挑过一回荠菜，满像那回事的，把一份野趣挑进篮子里。后来，这一小撮荠菜，被我切碎了，烙进糯米饼里。饼烙得金黄，配了糯米的糯白，配了荠菜的嫩绿，不用吃，光看看，就很享受了。咬一口，鲜透牙。很是感动了一回，有泥土的地方，总会生长着我的故乡。

    ③现在，这块地里，多出一大丛的菊来。是被我丢弃的那一盆。谁想到呢，它的花萎了，叶萎了，心竟是活的。它搂着这颗心，落地生根，不声不响地，勤勤勉勉地生长。最终，它不单自己活了下来，还子孙满堂的样子，——去冬不过一小瓦盆的花，今秋已繁衍成一大丛了。它让我想到柳暗花明，想到天无绝人之路，想到苦尽甘来，只要心没有死，总有出头之日的。

    ④风一场，雨一场，秋季翻过，已是冬了，它还没开够，朵朵灿烂。满世界的萧条，唯它，一簇新亮，是李商隐诗里的“融融冶冶黄”，是童年乡下屋檐下的那抹明黄，打老远就看得见。路过的人，有的站着远远瞅，有的看不过瘾，走近了细细瞧。一律的惊叹，好漂亮的花！它倒是沉得住气，面对众人的赞赏，不动声色，不慌不忙地，只管把好颜色往外掏。一瓣金黄，再一瓣，还是金黄。如历尽世事的女子，参透人生无常，倒让自己有了一份坚守，那就是，守住自己，守住心。所以，冷落也好，繁华亦罢，它都能安然相待，不急不躁。

    ⑤孤寡老人程爹，在小区的小径旁种菊。小径旁的空地，原是狭长的一小块，小区人家装修房子，把一些碎砖碎玻璃倒在里面。路过的人都小心不去碰触，以免被玻璃划伤了。连调皮的小猫，也绕着那块地走。老人清理掉碎砖碎玻璃，在里面种青菜和菊。几棵青菜，几朵菊花。再几棵青菜，几朵菊花。绿配紫，绿配红，绿配白，绿配黄，小块的地，让人看过去，竟有花园般的感觉。

    ⑥这些天，老人除了吃饭睡觉，几乎都围着他的菊在转。我上班时看见他，下班时还看见他，背着双手，很有成就感地在小径上漫步，来来回回。一旁，他的菊，如同被惯坏的孩子，正满地打着滚，撒泼似的，把些紫的、红的、白的、黄的颜色，泼洒得四处飞溅。哪一朵，都是硕大丰腴的，都上得了美人头。

    ⑦天冷，菊越发的艳丽，直艳到人的心里去。小区的人，每日里行色匆匆，虽是久住，彼此却毫不关己地陌生着。而今，因为这些菊，一个个舒缓了脚步，脸上僵硬的线条，渐渐柔软起来。话搭话地闲聊几句，说着花真好看之类的。或者不聊，仅仅站着，看一眼菊，相互笑笑，自有一份亲切，入了心头。再遇见．便是老相识了。清寒疏离的日子，因菊，变得脉脉温情。

（选自《扬子晚报》）