下列有关对人体消化系统的描述中，错误的是

    Herbal medicine (草药), which has been used for medicinal purposes, is the use of plants to treat diseases. Many herbalists use the entire plant, from the flowers, stems, leaves, and roots, in the form of everything from teas to pills. These plants contain natural, chemical things that can treat the body for a variety of diseases- such as allergies, asthma, rheumatoid arthritis, migraine, chronic fatigue, and cancer, among others.

    Nowadays an increasing number of people prefer to adopt these plants to treat their diseases because, compared with chemical medicine, herbal medicine has its own advantages. Herbal medicine and remedies (治疗) are more effective than chemical medicine for certain diseases. The chemical medicine given by a chemist could have certain negative side effects. However, many of the herbal medicine and remedies do not have negative side effects. If any, they are softer than chemical medicine. Obesity is the cause of many of the health problems. Herbal medicine can help weight-loss more effectively and improve overall health.

    However, the cure using herbal medicine and supplements (营养品) would take some time, and therefore people are supposed to possess enough patience. Worse still, herbal medicine contains a variety of ingredients (成分) and people have to be sure that their body agrees with the ingredients and that it is not allergic (过敏).

    A point worth mentioning here is herbal remedies and medicine for certain illnesses may have negative side effects. These side effects may not be shown at once, but would take months or even years. In the early stages, if the herbal medicine is not agreeing with you, it is wise to stop using it.

    When used correctly and directed by doctors, herbs can help treat a variety of diseases. But keep in mind that the herbal medicine industry is not regulated, so herbal products are often misleading and may contain additives (添加剂) and that are not listed on the label (标签). Some herbs may cause allergic reactions or interact with other drugs, and some are poisonous if used improperly or at high doses (剂量). Taking herbs on your own increases your risk.

    时间如风，星移斗转，天道无穷。节气是自然时令，它依据的是地球围绕太阳公转过程中，因所处位置的关系，接受阳光照射角度、时间的不同，而带来的一系列天文物候变化。中国人很早就根据自然时间节律，发明了“二十四节气”时令体系。它起源于黄河流域，以黄河流域的天文物候为依据。早在春秋以前，人们已用土圭测日影的方法，测定了春分、夏至、秋分与冬至四个节气点，后又推算出立春、立夏、立秋、立冬的时间。战国时期，“二十四节气”已经出现，在《逸周书》中有完整的“二十四节气”序列，只是个别名称位置不同罢了。

    “二十四节气”时令是我们先民认识天地自然时序的时间框架，它是中国古代社会人们生产生活的时间指南。古人认为“二十四节气”运行的内在动力是阴阳二气的流转，不同的节气时令，阴阳二气在天地中处于不同的位置。由于阴阳二气分别代表寒冷与温暖的气候属性，万物的生命周期亦与节气时令相关，春生、夏养、秋杀、冬藏是“天之道”，围绕着这一天道信仰，不仅圣人要“副天之所行以为政”，以春庆、夏赏、秋罚、冬刑来对应天道，就是普通人的生活起居也要依照四季时令的阴阳特性来安排，因此形成了针对特定节气时令的信仰、禁忌、仪式等。

    在节气时令中，饮食保健的内容令人注目，它是我们祖先岁时生活的经验总结。传统时令饮食原则是：必先岁气，毋伐天和。《黄帝内经》认为：春省酸增甘以养脾气，夏省苦增辛以养肺气，长夏省甘增咸以养肾气，秋省辛增酸以养肝气，冬省咸增苦以养心气。即按照四季阴阳二气升沉流转与五行属性，调整饮食性质、内容。

    节气时令是自然节律，也是传统中国人亲近自然的季节提示。人们依照春夏秋冬的天时，安排着四季的活动。如霜降，霜降之后秋收结束，农人停止劳作。《礼记·月令》：“霜始降，则百工休。”这既是顺时，也是因为天冷不便于工程或手艺制作。

    冬至之后进入酷寒时节。这对保暖条件简陋的古人构成了严重威胁，人们是掰着指头度日的。为了纾解在冬寒胁迫下出现的心理危机，挨过漫长冬季，从寒冬看到春日的希望，人们很早就发明了“数九九”的游戏。从宋元开始，《九九歌》就流传于南北各地，至今流传的“一九二九不出手，三九四九冰上走，五九六九沿河看柳，七九河开，八九雁来，九九加一九，耕牛遍地走”就是这一歌谣体的延续。

    “二十四节气”是中国人通过观察太阳周年运动，认知一年中时令、气候、物候等方面变化规律所形成的知识体系和社会实践。作为中国人特有的时间知识体系，“二十四节气”世代相传，深刻地影响着人们的思维方式和行为准则，是中国传统历法体系及其相关实践活动的重要组成部分，也是中华民族文化认同的重要载体。对于当代中国人来说，“二十四节气”具有生活节奏的提示与生活方式的调节的指导意义。我们应自觉地传承这一文明财富，尊重自然时间，尊重生命节律，从机械的物理性的钟表时间中解放出来，享受色彩斑斓的自然时间生活。

（摘自萧放《“二十四节气”与民俗》，有删改）