题干

阅读下列材料,回答问题.

【文明交往利进步】

材料一 如图

【协同作战求解放】

材料二 玻利瓦尔是西属拉丁美洲独立战争的主要领导人.1813年1月,他率军从新格拉纳达向加拉加斯进发.…由于各地群众纷纷起义,玻利瓦尔的部队于1813年顺利地进入加拉加斯,建立了委瑞内拉第二共和国.…1819年12月,玻利瓦尔宣布成立由新格拉纳和委内瑞拉构成的“大哥伦比亚共和国”,…1922年7月,玻利瓦尔和圣马丁举行了秘密会谈,商讨协同作战计划.1824年12月9日,在阿亚库乔决战中,由秘鲁、智利、哥伦比亚、阿根廷等国人民组成的革命军大获全胜.--摘编自义务教育课程标准实验教科书《世界历史教师用书》(九年级上册)(四川教育出版社)

【走向联合谋发展】

材料三 如图

【交流合作促和平】

2015年9月26日至28日,******出席联合国成立70周年系列峰会并向联合国赠送“和平尊”.“和平尊”以中国传统吉祥纹饰,辅以丝绸之路等元素,传承着和平发展、交流合作的理念,尊身上展翅高飞的七只和平鸽,代表联合国为世界和平奋斗的70年.

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    Have you ever noticed what happens to an idea once you express it? Just talking about it or writing it down causes you to make it clear in your own mind. How can you use this to increase your brain power? Start writing.

    By putting thoughts into words, you are telling yourself the logic(逻辑)behind what you think, feel, or only partly understand. Often, explaining a thought is the process of understanding. In other words, you increase your brain power by exercising your “explain power.”

    Try this experiment. Explain how you'll increase your brain power, even if you have no idea right now. Just start with anything, and create an explanation. For example, start with “I'll learn chess,” or “I'll read an article on the mind every week.” Explain how that will help. You'll be surprised how often this becomes a workable plan, and if you actually do this, you'll have a better understanding of your brain from now.

    Another benefit of writing is that it helps you remember. Many, if not most, highly productive people are always taking notes. You can try keeping it all in your head, but if you keep a journal of your ideas the next time you're working on a big project, you'll probably have more success.

    Want to understand a topic? Write a book about it. That's an extreme example, but if you are learning something new, write a letter to a friend about it, and you will understand it better. Want to invent something? Write an explanation of the problem, why you want to solve it, and why it is worth solving, and you're half-way there.

    Writers don't always write because they clearly understand something beforehand. Often, they write about something because they want to understand it. You can do the same. Writing will help bring you to an understanding. Give it a try.