题干

根据材料并结合所学知识回答下列问题。

材料一:明朝初年,曾与朱元璋争夺政权的张士诚、方国珍之余部,入海为盗,且“每诱岛倭入掠”。《皇明祖训》记朱元璋认为,日本、安南(今越南)、暹罗(今泰国)等15国,“限山隔水,僻在一隅,得其地不足以供给,得其民不足以使令”,朝廷“禁频海民不得私出海”“禁海民私通海外诸国”。

——摘编自李金明《明代海外贸易史》

材料二:实行海禁,滨海人民被“断其生路”、“于是所在连结为乱,清髮以出”。嘉靖年间(1522——1566年),东南沿海一带出现颇有实力的海寇、海商集团,走私贸易兴盛,“海禁愈产,贼伙愈盛”。有识之士认识到“市通则寇转而为商,市禁则商转而为寇”。

隆庆年间(1567——1572年),因福建巡抚涂泽民之请,明廷“准贩东西二洋”,福建漳州月港兴起,“农贾杂半,走洋如适市”“闲人以其地近,且饶富”。商贩或移居于吕宋(今菲律宾)者甚众。学者估计,隆庆开禁后输入中国的白银至少1亿两左右,促成了税收等政策的改变。

——摘编自晁中辰《明代海禁与海外贸易》

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(2015•广东茂名)阅读下面短文,  并根据短文内容,将文本框中的短文补充完整,  每个空格只准填一个单词 。

Hello, my name is Kate. I have studied in a nursing school for three years. During my second month of the school, our teacher gave us a small test. I answered the questions very quickly until I read the last one:“What is the first name of the woman who cleans the school?” I thought this was some kind of joke. I had seen the cleaning woman a few times. She was tall, dark-haired and in her 50s, but how could I know her name? I handed in my paper, leaving the last question blank. Before class ended, one student asked if the last question would count toward our grade. “Of course,” said the teacher, “As a nurse, you will meet many people. You should care all of them, even if al1 you do is just to smile and say ‘hello’.”  I've never forgotten that lesson. Later I learned her name was Dorothy.

An unforgettable lesson

Kate would never forget a small test when she studied in a nursing school. In the test, she found the last____surprising. The question was “What is the first name of the cleaning woman in the school?” Kate thought it must be a ____ . So she finished all the questions____    the last one. However, later she found that she was completely____    . Her teacher said tha the last question was not a joke. He told his students that it was necessary for a nurse to care about____   person they met.