阅读短文，根据要求完成下面各小题。
       Too many people want others to be their friends, but they don't give friendship back. This is why some friendships don't last long .To have a friend, you must learn to be a good friend. Learning to be a good friend means learning three rules: be honest; be generous; be understanding.
        Honesty is where good friendship starts. Friends must be able to trust(信任)one another. They should tell the truth. If you aren't honest, you'll lose your friend's trust. (1)A study shows that those who often tell lies can't get on well with the other people. Good friends always depend on one to speak and act honestly.
       Generosity makes a friendship grow well. It means sharing. You do not have to give your lunch money or your clothes. Naturally you want to share your ideas and feelings. These can be very valuable to a friend. They tell your friend what is important to you. By sharing them, you help your friend know better.
      Sooner or later everyone needs understanding and help with a problem. Something may go wrong at school. Talking about the problem can make it easier to solve. Turning to a friend can be a first step in solving the problem. So to be a friend, you must listen and understand．(2)Try to put yourself in your friend’s place, or you can't understand the problem better.
      Now, do you know what you should do if you want to be a good friend and keep your friends?

一种动物如果没有了对手，就会变得死气沉沉；一个人如果没有了对手，就会甘于平庸；一个群体如果没有了对手，就会因为相互的依赖和潜移默化而失去活力。生活中需要对手，因为对手（      ）

①赋予我们压力和动力                      ②能激发我们的潜能

③是事业成功的必要保障                  ④能让集体更富有生气

示例：空调——只能在一个狭小空间内改变温度，却总以为自己能改变大气候。

课外阅读。

                                                                             两只羊

      一天，一只白羊从南面上了独（dú）木桥，一只黑羊从北面上了独（dú）木桥。他们同时来到桥当中，白羊说：“你退（tuì）回去，让我先过桥！”黑羊说：“你退（tuì）回去，让我先过桥！”

      ​它们谁也不肯（kěn）让谁，就打了起来，不一会儿，只听到河里“扑通！扑通！”的响声，它们都掉到河里去了。