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“鸡汤”与“反鸡汤”

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       ①“当你觉得自己又丑又穷一无是处时,别绝望,因为至少你的判断还是对的。”“很多时候你不逼自己一把,你就不知道自己还有能把事情搞砸的本事。”与在朋友圈上泛滥的心灵鸡汤相比,这些专门调侃“鸡汤”的“反鸡汤”段子如今在网上越来越流行,它们常常以犀利的言辞,劈头浇人一瓢冷水,让不少人大呼“中枪”。

       ②“鸡汤”与“反鸡汤”,如今在网络上逐渐成为一种现象。有的人在朋友圈里乐此不疲地转发各式各样的鸡汤,有的人则对这些嗤之以鼻,更有人专门对心灵鸡汤进行调侃、解构、证伪,成为坚定的“反鸡汤党”。

       ③仔细观察“反鸡汤”对“鸡汤”的“反动”,可以发现一个有趣的现象:双方最喜欢在如何面对自身失败的问题上“较劲”:当你“又丑又穷”时,鸡汤劝你只要努力就能“迎娶白富美”,反鸡汤则告诉你休想做白日梦;当你没有把握时,鸡汤鼓励你“你是最棒的”,反鸡汤则会说“先掂量掂量自己吧”——“鸡汤”喜欢进行心理按摩,要你相信自己能够成功,“反鸡汤”则喜欢给你当头一棒,要你认清现实。

       ④人人都害怕失败,这是人的天性。每个人也都对失败的程度、次数有一个阈值,超过这个阈值,人会变得沮丧和失望,进而趋向于放弃。美国心理学家塞利格曼曾提出一个“习得性无助”的概念,他用狗作了一项实验:起初把狗关在笼子里,只要铃声一响,就对它进行电击,狗关在笼子里逃避不了电击,多次实验后,铃声一响,还没进行电击,狗就伏倒在地开始呻吟和颤抖,即使把笼门打开,狗也不会逃走了。本来可以主动地逃离,却绝望地等待痛苦的来临——这就是“习得性无助”。心理学证明,人在长期面对失败时,也常常会“习得性无助”,而这时,人们最需要的其实不是面对失败“如何解决”,而是“如何相信自己可以解决”,这也正是心灵鸡汤大有市场的原因。

       ⑤其实,人人都有需要“鸡汤”的时候,大多数人在人生的某个阶段,都曾被某种温暖的“鸡汤”触动、激励过。在最虚弱的时候,喝一口“鸡汤”补一补,确实有“强身健体”的效果。只不过,当我们喝下这些咕嘟咕嘟冒着热气的心灵鸡汤时,也不应忘却现实处境,找到解决方法,正如有网友所说:心灵鸡汤并不可怕,可怕的是有人喝了一万碗鸡汤后,却还在为每天早点起床天人交战。

       ⑥所以,“鸡汤”虽好,可不要贪杯哦。如果欲罢不能,还请再干一碗“反鸡汤”

                                                                                                                                                                  (选自《人民日报》2016年10月11日)

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