元祐^①初，山谷^②与东坡、钱穆父同游京师宝梵寺。饭罢，山谷作草书数纸，东坡甚称赏之。穆父从旁观曰：“鲁直之字近于俗。”山谷曰：“何故？”穆父曰：“无他，但未见怀素真迹尔。”山谷心颇疑之，自后不肯为人作草书。

    绍圣^③中，谪居涪陵^④，始见怀素^⑤《自叙》于石杨休家。因借之以归，摹临累日，几废寝食。自此顿悟草法，下笔飞动，与元祐已^⑥前所书大异。始信穆父之言不诬^⑦，而穆父死已久矣。故山谷尝自谓：“得草书于涪陵，恨穆父不及见也。”

（选自曾敏行《独醒杂志》）

【注释】①元祐：宋哲宗赵煦年号。②山谷：黄庭坚，字鲁直，号山谷道人，“宋四大书法家”之一，下文的“钱穆父”、“石杨休”都是人名。③绍圣：宋哲宗赵煦年号。④涪陵：地名。⑤怀素：唐代大法家，以善“狂草”出名。存世书迹《自叙》对后世影响很大。⑥已：同“以”。⑦不诬：不假。

法国资产阶级革命中，马拉说：“我们要保证人民的幸福，必须砍掉暴君的头。”这里的“暴君”指的是（    ）

    Each year thousands of____ (explore) and tourists visit the polar regions of the Arctic and Antarctica. But the increasing number of people travelling to the ends of the Earth' can have a negative effect____ fragile ecosystems. Should tourists____(allow) to visit polar regions?

    About 40,000 tourists visit Antarctica each year, More than five million travel to the Arctic and sub-Arctic. Transporting tourists to the regions ____(increase) ship and airplane traffic, adding to the risk of pollution, oil spills, and other ____(environment) damage. Because the places where wildlife is accessible ____(be) few in numbers, tourist traffic can become concentrated in specific areas,____ (put) Arctic vegetation at risk.

    Others say that access____ these very special parts of the world should not be restricted to only researches and scientist. Polar tourism allows people to develop deep personal connections with polar regions. “Those ____travel to the Arctic or Antarctica often become cheer leaders for supporting those places” Jim Sano, vice president for travel and____(conserve) at World Wildlife Fund, told TFK.