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    China's hot word, tuhao, may be in Oxford English Dictionary.

    In Chinese, tu means rude and hao means rich. In recent years, people use this term to describe those who spend money in an unreasonable way. The word became more popular with Apple's gold-colored iPhone, which is loved by China's rich people. The color became known as “tuhao golden”. The word is now often used to refer to people who have money but lack taste.

    There are two other Chinese hot words: dama and No Zuo No Die, which may also be taken in the dictionary. Dama, meaning middle-aged women, was first used in the Western media by the Wall Street Journal. Thousands of Chinese women were buying a large amount of gold when the gold price had gone down. Another phrase No Zuo No Die, meaning if you don't do stupid things, they won't come back to bite you, is also very popular. Other words, such as Maotai, Chinglish and dim sum have also been included in the dictionary.

    BBC World News recently made a special program called “Tuhao, let's be friends!” “The frequent use of Chinglish by foreign media suggests that foreign people are looking more to the lifestyle and popular culture of China,” says Zhang Yiwu, professor of Beijing University.

    What does this trend suggest about the Chinese language's influence?

    Xing Hongbing, a professor from Beijing Language and Culture University (BLCU) said “These show that Chinglish is now being accepted by the rest of the world and they play important roles in daily life of Chinese. Behind these Chinglish words and phrases are the Chinese culture. They are reflections of the changes and trends in the Chinese society and they help people from other countries to understand what's happening in China.”

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    秦王初并天下,令丞相御史曰:六王伏其辜,天下大定。今名号不更,无以称成功,传后世。其议帝号。”丞相绾、御史大夫劫、廷尉斯等皆曰:“臣等谨与博士议曰:‘古有天皇,有地皇,有泰皇,泰皇最贵。’臣等昧死上尊号,王为‘泰皇’。”王曰:“去‘泰’,著‘皇’,采上古‘帝’位号,号曰‘皇帝’。”

    维秦王兼有天下,立名为皇帝,乃抚东土,至于琅邪。齐人徐市等上书,言海中有三神山,名曰蓬莱、方丈、瀛洲,仙人居之。请得斋戒,与童男女求之。于是遣徐市发童男女数千人,入海求仙人。始皇为微行咸阳,与武士四人俱,夜出逢盗兰池,见窘,武士击杀盗,关中大索二十日。

    始皇以为咸阳人多,先王之宫廷小,乃营作朝宫渭南上林苑中。先作前殿阿房东西五百步南北五十丈上可以坐万人下可以建五丈旗周驰为阁道自殿下直抵南山表南山之颠以为阙。为复道,自阿房渡渭,属之咸阳,以象天极阁道绝汉抵营室也。阿房宫未成;成,欲更择令名名之。作宫阿房,故天下谓之阿房宫。隐宫徒刑者七十余万人,乃分作阿房宫,或作骊山。发北山石椁,乃写蜀、荆地材皆至。关中计宫三百,关外四百余。

    有坠星下东郡,至地为石,黔首或刻其石曰“始皇帝死而地分”。始皇闻之,遣御史逐问,莫服,尽取石旁居人诛之,因燔销其石。

    始皇出游。至平原津而病。始皇恶言死,群臣莫敢言死事。七月丙寅,始皇崩于沙丘平台。九月,葬始皇骊山。始皇初即位,穿治骊山,及并天下,天下徒送诣七十余万人,穿三泉,下铜而致椁,宫观百官奇器珍怪徙臧满之。令匠作机弩矢,有所穿近者辄射之。以水银为百川江河大海,机相灌输,上具天文,下具地理。以人鱼膏为烛,度不灭者久之。或言工匠为机,臧皆知之,臧重即泄。大事毕,已臧,闭中羡,下外羡门,尽闭工匠臧者,无复出者。

(节选自《史记·秦始皇本纪》)

【注】①隐宫是古代的一种酷刑。