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       ①鱼，我所欲也，熊掌，亦我所欲也，二者不可得兼，舍鱼而取熊掌者也。生，亦我所欲也，义，亦我所欲也，二者不可得兼，舍生而取义者也。生亦我所欲，所欲有甚于生者，故不为苟得也。死亦我所恶，所恶有甚于死者，故患有所不避也。如使人之所欲莫甚于生，则凡可以得生者何不用也。使人之所恶莫甚于死者，则凡可以避患者何不为也！由是则生而有不用也；由是则可以避患而有不为也。是故所欲有甚于生者，所恶有甚于死者。非独贤者有是心也，人皆有之，贤者能勿丧耳。

       ②一箪食，一豆羹，得之则生，弗得则死。呼尔而与之，行道之人弗受；蹴尔而与之，乞人不屑也。万钟则不辨礼义而受之，万钟于我何加焉！为宫室之美，妻妾之奉，所识穷乏者得我欤？向为身死而不受，今为宫室之美为之；向为身死而不受，今为妻妾之奉为之；向为身死而不受，今为所识穷乏者得我而为之：是亦不可以已乎？此之谓失其本心。

    There are purple clothes, purple handbags, purple bicycles, purple furniture, even purple computers! So purple is one of the most1colors today. But in the past, purple was a very expensive and unusual color. Let's take a look at the rich2of the color purple.

    Some scientists believe that the first plants to appear on Earth over 500 million years ago3looked purple, not green. Plants today are green because4use green chlorophyll (叶绿素) to produce energy.5these early plants probably used something called retinal, which is a dark purple color.

    During the time of the roman Empire (37 BC-476 AD), it was very6to make purple dye (染料). The dye came from sea snails (海螺) .But10.000 dead sea snails7you just one gram (克)of purple dye… as well as a very bad smell! This8purple dye was called Tyrian purple, and it was the preferred9of emperors.

    In 16th--century England, purple was10for the king's family members. Queen Elizabeth Is clothes were purple, but ordinary people were not allowed to11the color.

    In 1856. William Perkin, an 18-year-old12student, noticed something strange while doing an experiment (实验). The chemicals (化学药品) he used to clean his instruments13with the chemicals he used in his experiment and produced a bright purple color. This14Perkin to start a company using this chemical mixture to make purple dye. The dye was much15than sea snail dye. Thanks to Perkin, now anyone can afford to wear purple clothes.