题干

中国的传统文化博大精深,中医是其中的重要组成部分。中板的发展史本身就是一部文化史,它富含传统文化同时又是传统文化的重要组成部分。

材料一:东汉末年,瘟疫肆虐,“家家有位尸之痛,室室有号泣之衰”。张仲景记述道:“观今之医,不念思求经旨,以演其所知,各承家技,始终顺旧”。“但竞逐荣势……惟名利是务。”“余宗族素多,向余二百。建安纪年以来,犹未十稔(年),其死亡者,三分有二……感往昔之沦丧,伤横夭之莫救,乃勤求古训,博采众方……”

——张仲景《伤寒杂病论》

材料二:夫经方之难精,由来尚矣……故学者必须博极医源,精勤不倦,不得道听途说而言医道已了,深自误哉。凡大医治病,必当安神定志,无欲无求,先发大慈恻隐之心,誓愿普救含灵之苦。若有疾厄来求救者,不得问其贵贱贫富,长幼妍媸,怨亲善友,华夷愚智,普同一等,皆如至亲之想。亦不得瞻前顾后,自虑吉凶,护惜身命。见彼苦恼,若已有之,深心凄怆。勿避险巇、昼夜寒暑、饥渴疲劳,一心赴救,无作工夫形迹之心。如此可为苍生大医,反此则是含灵巨贼。

——孙思邈《备急千金要方》

材料三:从宋太祖开宝年间开始,北宋政府和私人都编辑和刊印了医药学或医方的书籍:属于医药学方面的有几次增订的《本草》等,属于医方的有《太平圣惠方》等。从唐代以来,中国和阿拉伯之间的交通贸易日益频繁,外国的香药如乳香、龙脑、蔷薇水等都先后传入中国,因而在宋代官私编刻的医药学书籍当中,新药品种得以不断增加,至北宋末年所编刻的《政和经史证类本草》新增药品628种。北宋初年的医书都是辗转传抄的,其中所载经络俞穴部位很紊乱,仁宗初年,医官王惟一设计用铜铸成人体模型,刻画经穴,标注名称,铜人的铸造是北宋医生在医学上的一大贡献。此外,膏丹丸散等熟药的大量制作和应用,也是从北宋初年开始的,熟药的应用较汤药大为便利,这也是中国医学的一大进步。

——翦伯赞《中国史纲要》

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    A student was one day taking a walk with his teacher. As they went along, they saw a pair of old shoes lying in the path. They were a poor farmer's, who was working in the nearby field.

    The student turned to the teacher, saying: “we will hide his shoes, and hide ourselves behind those trees, and wait to see what he will do.”

    “My young friend,” answered the teacher, “we should never make fun of the poor. Why not put a coin in each shoe, and then we will hide ourselves and watch?” The student did so and they both hid themselves behind the trees. The poor man soon finished his work, and came across the field to the path where he had left his coat and shoes.

    After putting on his coat, he put his foot into one of his shoes, and felt something hard. Then he bent (弯腰) down to feel what it was, and found the coin. Surprised, he looked at the coin, turned it around and looked at it again. He then looked around, but no person was seen. He put the money into his pocket, and continued to put on the other shoe. His surprise was doubled on finding the other coin.

    He couldn't control his feelings and fell to his knees, looked up to the sky and expressed his thanks. Then he spoke of his wife, sick and helpless, and his children without bread. He said the help would save them from dying.

    The student stood there deeply moved, and his eyes filled with tears. “Now,” said the teacher, “are you not much happier than if you had hidden the shoes?”