题干

阅读下列材料,回答问题
材料一:大和的世袭大贵族占有大量土地、奴隶以及地位近似奴隶的部民,权势极大。6世纪末7世纪初,部民反抗不断;地方贵族反抗中央贵族,中央贵族之间争权夺势;强大的中央贵族权倾朝野。中国唐朝的统一和兴盛,朝鲜半岛上新罗国家的崛起,强烈刺激着大和统治者。
材料二:……很多人认为这种制度已经成为经济发展和国家生存的障碍。……为了保持俄罗斯的大国地位,沙皇政府着手开始了一项改革计划。……社会改革为政府发起的工业化进程铺平了道路,使俄罗斯社会在十九世纪最后十年发生转型。
材料三:……日本的新统治者致力于日本社会的转型,以获得同外国势力在政治和军事上的平等地位。……变革使日本成为东亚的政治、军事和经济强国……明治政府的首要目标是强化中央集权……
(1)结合材料一中的内容说说大和统治者是如何摆脱危机的?对日本产生了什么影响?
(2)材料二中“社会改革”是指俄国历史上的什么事件?对俄国产生了怎样的影响?
(3)材料三中“变革”指的是什么历史事件?此事件对日本产生了什么影响。
(4)以上三国的历史对你有何启示?

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答案(点此获取答案解析)

(1)仿效隋唐制度进行大化改新,使日本从奴隶社会开始向封建社会过渡。
(2)俄国废除农奴制度。促进了俄国资本主义的发展,成为俄国历史的重大转折点。
(3)明治维新 使日本走上了资本主义道路,摆脱了沦为半殖民地国家的危机。
(4)改革开放是强国之路,一个国家欲要强大,一定要对外开放,善于学习,与时俱进,改革创新。(言之有理即可)

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    My professor brother and I have an argument about head and heart, about whether he overvalues IQ while I lean more toward EQ. We commonly have this debate about people—can you be friends with a really smart jerk(怪物)?—but that also applies to animals as well .I'd love it if our dog could fetch the morning paper and then read it to me over coffee, but I actually care much more about her loyal and innocent heart. There's already enough thinking going on in our house, and we probably spend too much time in our heads. Where we need some role modeling is in instinct, and that's where a dog is a vivid example.

    I did not grow up with dogs, which meant that my older daughter's respectful but firm determination to get one required some adjustment on my part. I often felt she was training me: from ages of 6 to 9, she gently schooled me in various breeds and their personalities, whispered to the dogs we met with so they would charm and persuade me, demonstrated by her self-discipline that she was ready for the responsibility. And thus came our dog Twist, whom I sometimes mistake for a third daughter.

    At first I thought the challenge would be to train her to sit, to follow, to walk calmly beside us and not go wildly chasing the neighborhood rabbits. But I soon discovered how much more we had to learn from her than she from us.

    If it is true, for example, that the secret to a child's success is less rare genius than raw persistence, Twist's ability to stay on task is a model for us all, especially if the task is trying to capture the sunbeam that touches softly around the living room as the wind blows through the branches outside. She never succeeds, and she never gives up. This includes when she runs straight into walls.

    Then there is her unfailing patience, which breaks down only when she senses that dinnertime was 15 minutes ago and we have somehow failed to notice. Even then she is more eager than annoyed, and her refusal to complain shows a self control of which I'm not always capable when hungry.

    But the lesson I value most is the one in forgiveness, and Twist first offered this when she was still very young. When she was about 7 months old, we took her to the vet to be spayed(切除卵巢). We turned her over to a stranger, who was to perform a procedure that was probably not pleasant. But when the vet returned her to us, weak and tender, there was no accusation, no how could you do that to me? It was as though she already knew that we would not intentionally cause her pain, and while she did not understand, she forgave and curled up with her head on my daughter's lap.

    I suppose we could have concluded that she was just blindly loyal and obedient. But eventually we knew better. She is entirely capable of disobedience, as she has proved many times. She will ignore us when there are more interesting things to look at, scold us when we are careless, bark into the twilight when she has urgent messages to send. But her patience with our failings and carelessness and her willingness to give us a second chance are a daily lesson in gratitude.

    My friends who grow up with dogs tell me how when they were teenagers and trusted no one in the world, they could tell their dog all their secrets. It was the one friend who would not gossip or betray, could provide in the middle of the night the soft, unselfish comfort and peace that adolescence plots to disturb. An age that is all about growth and risk needs some anchors and weights, a stable model when all else is changing. Sometimes I think Twist's devotion keeps my girls on a benevolent leash, one that hangs quietly at their side as they walk fast along but occasionally pulls them back to safety and solid ground.

    We've weighed so many decisions so carefully in raising our daughters---what school to send them to and what church to attend, when to give them cell phones and with what precautions. But when it comes to what really shapes their character and binds our family, I never would have thought we would owe so much to its smallest member.