题干

阅读材料,完成下列要求。

材料一:在英国资产阶級革命的复辟时期,当时针对王位继承问题在议会内部产生了激烈的争论,形成了传统的两派,这就是后来的辉格党和托利党。此时的两大党“没有政党的组织和纲领,其内部也极不统一,只不过在某些方面达成一定共识”。光荣革命之后,议会的地位逐渐上升,两大党已露出现代政党的许多特征。在1832年议会改革中,两党为扩大在选民中的影响,最终突破了议会内部这个狭小的领域,成为深入社会的政治组织。两党为了拉拢选民实行更加贴近选民意愿的主张,两党阶级基础发生变化,成为现代政党。

______摘编自张赫《代议制的英国模式论析》

材料二:美国自南北战争结束至1932年,共和党占据绝对优势,成为“老大党”。从1932年到1968年,多为民主党执政。70年代以后,两大政党势均力敌,执政时间相差不大。美国历史 上也出现过不少的第三党,他们多次向两党制发起挑战均未成功。美国政党在组织形态上无“形”可塑。但“实际上,政党在美国政治生活中的作用是不可替代的,它们不仅操纵着选举,从中挑选自己的政治代言人,而且通过两大政党之间相互制衡维护着政治稳定”。当外患大于内忧之时,两党在国内外政策中基本保持一致与合作。

——摘编自禄德安《试析美国政党政治的特点及其对美国外交的作用与影响》

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    The winter vacation is just around the corner. With such a long holiday to spend, have you decided where to get yourself relaxed from the great pressure of school study? Our company specializes in civil tours. We take pride in offering you the best services and in providing you with a vacation that will be fondly remembered. The following places can be your unforgettable destinations in our country.

    A. The Australian Museum

    The Australian Museum has an international reputation in the fields of natural history and indigenous studies research and exhibitions. The museum was established in 1827 and is Australia's first museum of natural science and cultural artifacts.

    B. Sydney Olympic Park

    Home of the Best Games Ever and 2003 Rugby World, Sydney Olympic Park is a gold medal attraction and continues to serve as a major sport and social venue.

    Apart from its ultra-modern sport venues, Sydney Olympic Park is set in extensive parklands. Bicentennial Park, one of Sydney's most popular recreational areas, is criss-crossed with walking and bicycle tracks.

    C. Art Gallery of New South Wales

    Located within a short walking distance from Sydney's CBD, the Art Gallery of New South Wales is one of Australia's foremost art museums housing some of the finest works of art in the country.

    The Gallery has a rich and diverse collection including key works of the Heidelberg School and favorite modern Australian artists including Brett Whiteley and Margaret Preston, as well as permanent Australian, European, Asian, contemporary and photographic galleries.

    D. Koalas Park Sanctuary

    Koalas are on show every day. Shows are at 10:20 A.M., 11:20 A.M., 2:00 P.M., 3:00 P.M. where you can cuddle, feed, pat and have your photo taken with the Koalas. See free roaming Koalas as well, 10 acres of rainforest. Walk in and pat our kangaroos.