题干

制度是在一定历史条件下形成的法令、礼俗等规范,是为了实现特定的目的而建立。阅读材料,回答下列有关制度的问题:

材料一:“尧知子丹朱之不肖,不足授天下,于是乃权授舜。授舜,则天下得其利而丹朱病;授丹朱,则天下病而丹朱得其利。尧曰:终不以天下之病而利一人。”

——《史记·五帝本纪》

材料二:“大道之行也,天下为公,选贤与能,讲信修睦……是谓大同。今大道既隐,天下为家,各亲其亲,各子其子,货力为己,大人世及以为礼……是谓小康。”

——《礼记·礼运》

材料三:周王根据血缘关系远近和功劳大小,将宗亲和功臣等封到各地,授予他们管理土地和人民的权力,建立诸侯国。同时诸侯需要向周王进纳贡物,并服从周王调兵。

材料四:秦朝时全国共设三十六郡,每郡有守(相当于省长)、尉(相当于防区司令)和监(相当于监察专员)各一。郡下设县,万户以上大县设“令”;不足万户小县设“长”。

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    What will man be like in the future—in 5,000 or even 50,000 years from now? We can only make a guess, of course, but we can be sure that he will be different from what he is today, for man is slowly changing all the time.

    Let us take an obvious example. Man, even five hundred years ago, was shorter than he is today. Now, on average, men are about three inches taller, so we may assume (假定) that man will continue to grow taller. Again, as time goes on, we shall have to use our brains more and more. This is likely to bring about a physical change to the head, in particular, the forehead will grow larger.

    Nowadays our eyes are in constant use. In fact, we use them so much that very often they become weaker and we have to wear glasses. But over a very long period of time it is likely that man's eyes will grow stronger.

    On the other hand, we are likely to make less use of our arms and legs, which, as a result, are likely to grow weaker. At the same time, however, our fingers will grow more sensitive because they are used a great deal in modern life.

    But what about hair? This will probably disappear from the body altogether in course of time because it does not serve a useful purpose any longer.

    Perhaps all these give the impression that in the future man will not be a very attractive creature to look at! This may well be true. All the same, in spite of all these changes, future man will still have a lot in common with us.