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Father's Day has a very short history. It was started because there was a Mother's Day, and just because some Americans thought that if we had a Mother's Day, we should also have a Father's Day. Father's Day has become important in North America. And businesses found it was a good way to get people to buy a present for their father from their shops.
By the way, very few countries have a Father's Day, though some have a Children's Day, or a special day for boys and another for girls. More and more countries are having Mother's Day, so maybe Father's Day will also become popular before too long. Now, what do people in North America do on Father's Day? The newspapers, radios, and TV tell children what they should do — buy, buy, buy, buy, buy a Father's Day present for your father. They even tell a wife to buy, buy, buy, and buy a Father's Day present — not for her father but for her husband, even if he is not yet a father. And they tell grandchildren to buy, buy, buy, and buy a Father's Day present for their grandfathers.
The important thing to remember about Father's Day is that American children can show their love to their fathers in a more open way.

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阅读朱启新的《筷子中的文化》一文,完成下列各题。

    ①古人称筷子为“箸”,这个专称自商代一直沿用至宋末,到了明代才逐渐称“箸”为筷子。如明人陆荣《椒周杂记》载,吴中民间行船时忌说“住”,因箸同“住”音(“住”,慢),所以要把“住”改为“快”,“箸”便叫成“筷子”了。以后,一些读书人也渐称“箸”为“筷”。

    ②用筷历史,已有3000多年,早在商代,纣王已用象(牙)箸。在长期的使用中,根据考古资料提供的信息,既有器形的变化,也有制作质地的不同。

    ③筷子的器形,最初,两头同样粗细。先秦时期乃至汉初的“箸”,都是上下一般粗细,分不出手握的筷头和夹食的筷足。已知最早的铜筷出自云南一墓中,整体圆柱形,长约20多厘米,属春秋晚期。安徽出土的一批东周青铜器中也有铜筷一双,细长方形,残长20.3厘米,宽4毫米。及至宋代,筷子的粗细又有了变化。四川发现的一座宋代窖藏出土的一双铜筷,长24厘米,筷首与筷足,粗细已很分清了。

    ④古代的箸,长短并无定制,约20厘米左右。形体有方有圆,其径一般在0.4厘米左右,最粗不会超过0.6厘米,比今日用筷要细——古人之箸用来夹羹汤中的菜。《礼记•曲礼》说:“羹之有菜者用挟(即“箸”),其无菜者不用挟。”夹羹内的菜,分量不多也不重,不同今日要夹大块食物,或者用劲撕裂食物。箸之细径不碍使用。

    ⑤制箸材料,通常采用竹、木。此外尚有铜、玉、骨、银等。最广泛使用的是竹制和木制。筷子作为我国文化特征之一,源远流长。各地也都有名筷生产,如北京的雕琢玉筷,成都的刻花竹筷,杭州的天竹圆头筷,广州的乌木筷和象牙筷……真是很美。

    ⑥筷子挺直,宁折不曲。唐玄宗李隆基特赐给宰相宋碌一双金筷,以表彰他的秉性耿直如筷。明代程良规的《咏竹箸》诗,写得也很有意思:“殷勤问竹箸,甘苦乐先尝。滋味他人好,尔空来往忙。”此诗语句通俗,热情讴歌了筷子默默为他人奉献的精神。

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