题干

随着微生态学的兴起和发展,人们发现多种人体益生菌在体内外具有拮抗Hp的作用,联合应用益生菌制剂不仅可提高Hp的根除率,同时还可降低不良反应的发生率,提高病人的治疗依从性。因此,益生菌辅助治疗Hp感染成为当今Hp根除治疗方面研究的热点。目前,益生菌拮抗Hp的研究大多集中于抗酸性较强的乳酸菌属的益生菌,临床常用的有双歧杆菌、乳酸杆菌、嗜酸乳杆菌等。但目前关于益生菌在临床应用方面存在诸多问题,尚需更多的临床研究以提供更加有说服力的证据。益生菌在慢性胃炎的治疗上只能做辅助手段表明了(  )

①真理是标志主观同客观相符合的哲学范畴,是人们对客观事物及其规律的正确反映

②认识的形成总是从实践到认识、从认识回到实践不断上升和无限发展的过程

③一切从实际出发、实事求是与解放思想、与时俱进是统一的

④错误的意识不是人脑对客观存在的反映

A:①②

B:①③

C:②④

D:③④

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A

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    You may have seen a talking parrot on a TV show, in a movie, or even in someone's home. The parrot has learned to copy sounds that people make. Birds are not the only animals that can copy the noises they hear. Dolphins, bats, and some apes also copy sounds. Now we can add elephants to this list of copycats.

    Dr. Joyce Poole is a zoologist. She studies the sounds of elephants. While she was in Kenya, she would hear strange noises made by Mlaika after sunset. Mlaika was a 10-year-old African elephant.

    Mlaika lived near a highway. Dr. Poole says, “I could not tell the difference between Mlaika's call and the distant truck noise.” She and other scientists studied Mlaika's sounds. It turned out that Mlaika was copying the sounds of the trucks driving by. Why would Mlaika copy trucks that she heard going by on the highway? Animals that are able to copy sounds may enjoy practicing new sounds. When they are kept outside of their natural environment, they may copy unusual sounds. That may be why an elephant would copy the sound of a truck.

    “Mlaika was not the only copycat elephant,” Dr. Poole says. Calimero is a 23-year-old male African elephant. He spent 18 years with two female Asian elephants. Asian elephants make chirping sounds (sounds made by birds) to talk with one another. African elephants usually do not make chirping sounds. But Calimero now does. He is copying his Asian elephant friends. Dr. Poole says that elephants need to form bonds with their family and friends. She says, “They make sounds to communicate with each other. When they are separated, they use sounds to keep in contact.”

    Parrots, dolphins, humans, and elephants show that being a copycat is one way that animals and people make new friends and keep old ones.