材料一：两汉农村市场的兴起和发展，不是偶然的……小农的生产条件对社会依赖程度增加，他们为提高生产率，购置铁农具和大型牲畜等，不得不仰求于市场……农民当时虽属自给性生产，但在农副业及家庭纺织等方面，仍有部分剩余劳动产品的增长，使他们交换能力扩大……农村涌现出了一批工商业者，如当时有专门的铁匠、“贩盐”者、“屠狗”者、“开酒家 ”者 ，以及以贩马为业者等等，这各色人物的经营范围，有助于丰富农村市场的商品内容……小农追求富裕的思想，也具有为价值而生产的支配意识，在“农不如工，工不如商”的情况下更是如此。

——黄今言《秦汉商品市场的层次结构与发育状况》

材料二：草市是民间“自为聚落．私相贸易的集市．宋代在商品经济发达和交通方便的地方出现各种集市．如“山市．河市．庙市等．解决了农民“买食用盐茶农具问题．“民计每岁种食之外．余米尽以贸易（叶适）．明州农民．同时“为工．为匠．为镊．为负贩．草市镇内小儿学．义塾．镇学的兴办日益增多．有的镇市还建立了书院．

──傅宗文《宋代的草市镇》

材料三：明清江南市镇的起源，早的可以追溯到宋代。明中期到清前期是传统江南市镇发展的高峰期。从宋以来，直到明清，市镇是体制外的产物。它是政治行政体制外自行生长出来的东西，是农村商品经济、市场贸易发展的产物。市镇具有乡村商贸市场“中心地”的性质，衬托并支持着城市的生存与发展。

——摘编自《王家范谈明清江南的“市镇化”》

    Helen got up at seven thirty. Her parents and her little twin brothers went travelling in Australia and she had to take care of herself at home. She opened the fridge, but she found only three pieces of bread in it. She decided to have breakfast in the restaurant at the other side of the street. She sat at a table and the waitress came up to her and said, “Can I take your order, Helen?”

    “But you didn't show your menu to me, Miss White,” said the girl.

    “Oh, sorry! I forget it. Here it is.”

    Helen looked at the menu carefully. It was:

bread  $1.5          egg  $ 0.4

pizza  $2.5          cola  $ 0.3

sandwich $1.5        milk  $ 0.6

hamburger $2.5       coffee  $ 0.9

    Helen took out her purse and found there was only 7 dollars in it.

    “Well,” said White.“What about a hamburger, a pizza, two eggs and a glass of cola?”

    “Oh, no,” said the girl. “I'll buy a storybook this afternoon. It's 2 dollars.”

    “I see,” said the waitress. And then she brought the girl a nice breakfast.

当代中国最基本的国情  （    ）