题干

   20世纪的和平与战争

    材料一    对朝鲜的攻击已无可怀疑地说明,共产主义已不限于使用颠覆手段来征服独立国家,现在要使用武装的侵犯与战争。它违抗了联合国安理会为了保持国际和平与安全而发出的命令。在这种情况下,共产党部队的占领福摩萨,将直接威胁太平洋地区的安全,及在该地区执行合法与必要职务的美国部队。

据此,我已命令第七舰队阻止对福摩萨的任何攻击。作为这一行动的应有结果,我还要求福摩萨的中国政府停止对大陆的一切海空行动。第七舰队将监督此事的实行。福摩萨未来地位的决定,必须等待太平洋安全的恢复、对日本的和平解决、或联合国的审议。

──杜鲁门总统声明(1950年6月27日),哈里•杜鲁门著《杜鲁门回忆录》

    材料二    在今天的情况下,共产党俄国和它的盟国中国在政治体制上对东南亚施加的影响,不管它们采取的是哪一种手段,对整个自由世界来说都将是一种严重的威胁。美国认为不能消极地来承认这种可能性,而是应该采取联合行动来对付它。这样做或许要冒严重的风险。然而,假如我们今天不敢下定决心去解决的话,那么几年以后我们将面临更加严重的危机。──《美国国务院公报》(1954年1月25日)

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    The government in China ended his one-child policy and let families have two children instead in 2015.

    A Chinese Communist Party statement gave a number of reasons for the change in policy. The statement said the change is meant to balance population development, stop a falling birth rate(出生率)and strengthen the country's labor force(劳动力). China, with the largest population in the world, started the one-child policy in 1980. But the government allowed only a small number of couples to have two children. For example, some families in the countryside could have two children, if the first-born is a girl.

    In 2013, the Chinese government gave other couples a chance to have two children if one of them was an only child.

Jiang Quanbao, a teacher and population expert, explained how Chinese families react(反应) to the newest policy. "Too many young people in the cities are no longer interested in having a second child," he said. "People in the countryside are more interested. But some of them are already allowed to have two children." At the end of 2014, China had a population of 1.37 billion people. A total of 800 million of them have jobs. But the labor market need of labor by the year 2050. With the two-child policy, an increase in births can solve this problem.

    Boys and girls, what do you think of the two-child policy? Do you want to have a new-born brother or sister?