阅读下面选文，完成下列小题。

狗的哲学

      小时候，家里养了一头猪和一条狗。每当给猪喂食的时候，母亲就让我看着狗，怕它偷吃。

      狗低眉顺眼地卧在一旁，一副与世无争的表情。但只要我一个不注意，它就溜过去，迅捷地在猪食槽里舔上几口。等我回过身来，它又卧在一边，嘴唇上的食儿还没舔干净呢，却装出若无其事的样子。

      有一次，它又偷食，被母亲拦腰踹了一脚。骂道：“你个狗东西，猪的食你也敢抢！”是的，那个年代，猪的地位是不可撼动的。一年到头，把猪养大养肥了，然后卖掉，便是家里的全部收入。

      狗似乎对此没有异议，骂也好，打也好，待在家里，从不耍狗性子，或者玩什么离家出走。每次猪吃饱之后，一扭头，懒洋洋地走掉，石槽的边缘上还残留少许米粒和糠末儿，母亲一瓢水倒进去，便是狗的食物。狗埋头舔食，把一槽泔水舔得音乐感十足，混个水饱后，一扭头走掉。

      狗没有怨言，依旧看家守院。有一年，有贼人到邻居家偷牛，狗觉得不管不行，“汪汪汪”叫个不停。左邻右舍的人都被吵醒了，扛着铁锹，拿着棍棒冲出来。贼逃走的时候，打折了狗的一条腿。狗拖着一条伤腿无精打采地过了一段日子。父亲每天到街上去瞭一回，看有没有收狗的，有的话，好把它赶紧卖掉。

      狗赶在屠户来之前，竟然不声不响地好了。看来，要保住自己的一条狗命，靠别人是不行的。这个世界，主人们或主子们都是实用主义者，他想着自己的时候，是不会顾惜一条狗命的。

      母亲每次从地里干活回来，狗总要欢天喜地地迎上去。猪呢，睡在那里，连眼皮都不抬。母亲把猪草丢给它，它先将鼻子凑过去，闻一闻，觉得不错，才懒洋洋地站起来。我有点看不惯猪的德行，有一次它刚要站起来，我一脚把它踹躺下了。它就真的躺下了，连猪草也懒得吃了。我骂它：“你真是头猪啊！”但大人们的看法总是跟小孩子有区别，母亲就觉得猪这个样子好得不得了。

      大人们的眼光真是有问题。

      有时候，狗去偷吃猪食，我假装看不见，睁一只眼闭一只眼。只有看到母亲出来，我才高声咳嗽一声。狗能听懂我的暗示，赶紧撤身，卧在一边。有一回，母亲出来得突然，我来不及咳嗽，结果，我发现狗居然也能全身而退。原来，狗根本无视我的咳嗽，它早已学会了辨别母亲的脚步。

      狗活久了，都会有一点老谋深算。

      有一年冬天，家里跑来了一条小狗。大狗在它身上嗅了嗅，没有咬它——算是收留了它。小家伙来了之后，不知道天高地厚，有时候母亲连踹几脚，即便痛得叫声尖厉，但依然埋头跟猪抢食，而且不屈不挠。大狗卧在一边，眼皮微抬，有点不屑地看着它折腾。自从小狗来了之后，大狗有意让着它。它抢食的时候，大狗就卧在一边看。

      狗大了，总会有一点风范的。

      小狗最终被赶走了。原因是八个字：不顾廉耻，祸猪殃家。后来，整个院子又成了大狗的天下。它这儿转转，那儿转转，把个院门看得紧紧的。院子里有个高高的草垛，有时候，它跳到草垛上，凝神端视着整个村庄。

      这条狗在我家活了好多年，是老死的。它在家乡山岭间找了一个隐秘的地方，安静地死去了，没给家和村庄带来一丝惊扰。

      父亲平时很少去评价什么。它死后，父亲说了一句话：“嗯，这是条好狗。”

                                                                                                                                                              选自《今日文摘》2015年19期

D

    We may think we're a culture that gets rid of our worn technology at the first sight of something shiny and new, but a new study shows that we keep using our old devices (装置) well after they go out of style. That's bad news for the environment – and our wallets – as these outdated devices consume much more energy than the newer ones that do the same things.

    To figure out how much power these devices are using, Callie Babbitt and her colleagues at the Rochester Institute of Technology in New York tracked the environmental costs for each product throughout its life – from when its minerals are mined to when we stop using the device. This method provided a readout for how home energy use evolved since the early 1990s. Devices were grouped by generation. Desktop computers, basic mobile phones, and box-set TVs defined 1992. Digital cameras arrived on the scene in 1997. And MP3 players, smart phones, and LCD TVs entered homes in 2002, before tablets and e-readers showed up in 2007.

    As we accumulated more devices, however, we didn't throw out our old ones."The Living-room television is replaced and gets planted in the kid's room, and suddenly one day, you have a TV in every room of the house," said one researcher. The average number of electronic devices rose from four per household in 1992 to 13 in 2007. We're not just keeping these old devices-we continue to use them. According to the analysis of Babbitt's team, old desktop monitors and box TV's with cathode ray tubes are the worst devices with their energy consumption and contribution to greenhouse gas emissions(排放) more than doubling during the 1992 to 2007 window.

    So what's the solution(解决方案)?The team's data only went up to 2007, but the researchers also explored what would happen if consumers replaced old products with new electronics that serve more than one function, such as a tablet for word processing and TV viewing. They found that more on-demand entertainment viewing on tables instead of TVs and desktop computers could cut energy consumption by 44%.

小聪和小兵在玩一个游戏：任意向空中抛掷2枚均匀的骰子，落地后如果它们点数相同，则小聪得10分；如果它们点数不相同，则小兵得2分．得分多者获胜．那么小兵获胜的概率是 ____