题干

民族独立、国家统一是中华文明生生不息的基石。

根据材料,提炼一个主题,并结合材料中的史实加以说明(要求:主题鲜明,逻辑严密,史论结合。)

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主题:近代中国民族危机不断加深

说明:鸦片战争,中国战败,英国强迫中国签订《南京条约》,打开中国大门,使中国开始沦为半殖民地半封建社会。

甲午中日战争,中国战败,日本强迫中国签订《马关条约》,大大加深了中国社会的半殖民地半封建社会程度。八国联军侵华战争,中国被迫与11国签订《辛丑条约》,清政府完全成为帝国主义统治的中国工具,使中国完全沦为半殖民地半封建社会。

综上所述,近代中国,由于列强发动一系列侵略

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阅读理解

    More and more comment(评论) sections are being shut down online.

    Autumn Phillips had had enough. On August 19, the executive editor of the Quad-City Times in Iowa, and Illinois, US visited her website, qutimes. com, and saw a story about a man who had been shot to death. When she got to the readers' comments section at the end, she was shocked by what she saw. Below the story was a growing string of comments—a racist remark about democratic( 民主的) voters, a negative comment about police...So Phillips decided to do something she had been thinking about for a long time: she shut down the comment section.

    Phillips was not alone in making such a move. Last week, NPR announced it too was closing its online comments section. The decisions don't mean that the news outlets are no longer interested in what their audiences are thinking. Both stressed their eagerness to hear from readers and listeners on social networks. But both agreed that comments had deviated from their original intention. And so they had.

    In the early days of digital journalism, comments were seen as a key part of the new media, a wonderful opportunity for strengthening the dialogue between news producers and their audiences. It was a welcome change, given that for long many news organizations were far too separated from their readers. Much more back and forth conversation seemed like healthy and welcome evolutions. Sadly, that's not the way things turned out. Rather than a place for exchanging ideas, comments sections became the home of ugly name-calling, racism and anti-women language. Besides their poisonous quality, comments seem out of place today.

    “Since we made the announcement, I've received an outpouring of responses from our readers,”she says. “I've heard from parents whose children were hurt by our online comments. I've heard from people who said they wouldn't send in letters to the editor because they were attacked so fiercely by comments, and it wasn't worth it.”