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观周

    孔子谓南宫敬叔①曰：“吾闻老聃博古知今，通礼乐之原，明道德之归，则吾师也，今将往矣。”对曰：“谨受命。”

    遂言于鲁君曰：“臣受先臣②之命云：‘孔子圣人之后也。其祖弗父何③，始有宋国而授厉公。及正考父佐戴、武、宣，三命兹益恭。故其鼎铭曰：一命而偻④，再命而伛，三命而俯，循墙而走，亦莫余敢侮。饘⑤于是，粥于是，以糊其口，其恭俭也若此。臧孙纥有言：圣人之后，若不当世，则必有明君而达者焉。孔子少而好礼，其将在矣。’属臣曰：‘汝必师之。’今孔子将适周，观先王之遗制，考礼乐之所极，斯大业也！君盍以乘资之？臣请与往。”

    公曰：“诺。”与孔子车一乘，马二匹，竖子侍御。敬叔与俱。至周，问礼于老聃，访乐于苌弘，历郊社之所，考明堂之则，察庙朝之度。于是喟然曰：“吾乃今知周公之圣，与周之所以王也。”

    孔子观乎明堂，睹四门墉⑥，有尧舜之容，桀纣之象，而各有善恶之状，兴废之诫焉。又有周公相成王，抱之负斧扆⑦南面以朝诸侯之图焉。徘徊而望之，谓从者曰：“此周公所以盛也。夫明镜所以察形，往古者所以知今。人主不务袭迹于其所以安存，而忽怠所以危亡，是犹未有以异于却走而欲求及前人也，岂不惑哉！”

    及去周，老子送之，曰：“吾闻富贵者送人以财，仁者送人以言。吾虽不能富贵，而窃仁者之号，请送子以言乎：凡当今之士，聪明深察而近于死者，好讥议人者也。博辩闳达而危其身，好发人之恶者也。无以有己为人子者，无以恶己为人臣者。”孔子曰：“敬奉教。”

    自周反鲁，道弥尊矣。远方弟子之进，盖三千焉。

（取材于《孔子家语》，有改动）

【注释】①南宫敬叔：鲁国大夫。②先臣：指南宫敬叔已去世的父亲。③弗父何：和下文的正考父、臧孙纥都是孔子的祖先。④偻：弯着背，表示恭敬。⑤饘（zhān）：稠粥，这里用作动词，煮稠粥。⑥墉：墙壁。⑦斧扆（yǐ）：古代天子所用的状如屏风的器物，高八尺，上绣斧形图案。

阅读下列材料：

材料一

材料二   东厂的“锦衣官校”(特务人员)侦查缉捕的范围非常广，上自官府，下至民间，到处有他们的踪迹。他们得到消息后，立即密报皇帝。因此事无大小，皇帝都可以知道，在东厂的堂上，还挂着“朝廷心腹”的大匾。

请回答：

    Some people will do just about anything to save money. And I am one of them. Take my family's last vacation. It was my six-year-old son's winter break form school, and we were heading home from Fort Lauderdale after a week-long trip. The flight was overbooked, and Delta, the airline, offered us $400 per person in credits to give up our seats and leave the next day. I had meetings in New York, so I had to get back. But that didn't mean my husband and my son couldn't stay. I took my nine-month-old and took off for home.

    The next day, my husband and son were offered more credits to take an even later flight. Yes, I encouraged—okay, ordered—them to wait it out at the airport, to "earn" more Delta Dollars. Our total take: $1,600. Not bad, huh?

    Now some people may think I'm a bad mother and not such a great wife either. But as a big-time bargain hunter, I know the value of a dollar. And these days, a good deal is something few of us can afford to pass up.

    I've made a living looking for the best deals and exposing （揭露） the worst tricks. I have been the consumer reporter of NBC's Today show for over a decade. I have written a couple of books including one titled Tricks of the Trade: A Consumer Survival Guide. And I really do what I believe in.

    I tell you this because there is no shame in getting your money's worth. I'm also tightfisted when it comes to shoes, clothes for my children, and expensive restaurants. But I wouldn't hesitate to spend on a good haircut. It keeps its shape longer, and it's the first thing people notice. And I will also spend on a classic piece of furniture. Quality lasts.

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