Volunteer Opportunities

    Ring the bells

    The Salvation Army needs bell ringers for its annual Red Kettle Christmas Campaign. Two hour shifts begin on Nov.12 and run Mondays through Saturdays. Volunteers can contact Jim Evers at jimevers@usc.salvationarmy.org or at 764-0962, or sign up online at ringbels.org.

    Read to children

    Join the United Way and Child Care Aware in supporting the development and learning of young children. Volunteers are needed to spend 30 minutes a week reading to children and guiding related activities using literacy kits（识字工具包）provided by Childcare Aware of Eastern Kansas .A two-hour literacy training will be provided. To ensure continuity for the children in the program, we are asking that volunteers make a six-month commitment. Please contact Shelly at 865-5030, ext.301 or at volunteer@unitedwaydgco.org.

    Garden with a neighbor

    Douglas Country Housing Inc. is looking for volunteers to assist a senior man in need of help with an overgrown garden before winter arrives. One to two hours of your time will make a huge difference in someone's quality of life. No previous gardening experience is required. Please e-mail rsovista@ldcha.org or call 842-1533.

    Feed your friends

    Just food fights hunger in our community. Help Just Food kick off the holiday season by packing. Thanksgiving meal boxes for families in need. Every year Just Food provides Thanksgiving meals to families in Douglas Country that will otherwise go without. Your help is needed for distributing these meals in advance of Thanksgiving. Help is needed on the following days and times:

    9 a. m. –7 p. m. Monday, Nov. 21.

    9 a. m. –7 p. m. Tuesday, Nov. 22.

    The maximum number of volunteers is 15 at a time. To sign up, click here.

与地球上存在生命无关的因素是（   ）

阅读《鸡汤营养在哪里？》，完成下列各题。

      ①其实，这句话的正确与否，要看用在什么人身上，什么情况下。的确，无论鸡汤、肉汤还是鱼汤，汤的蛋白质含量远不及肉块本身。肉类是肌肉纤维构成的，其中有可溶性的肌浆蛋白和氨基酸、肽类等，它们容易进入汤中，但大部分肌纤维成分很难溶出来。一般来说，肉汤、鸡汤中的蛋白质含量仅有1%﹣2%，和15%﹣20%的肉块相比，显然蛋白质含量是低多了。而骨头中的钙、铁元素，属于不溶性的成分，所以煲汤是不可能把很多钙和铁溶出来的，只有钾元素这样易溶的成分才能进入汤中。

      ②对于绝大多数消化吸收能力正常的健康人来说，每天只喝点鸡汤肉汤，而不吃成块的鱼和肉，所得到的蛋白质总量就太少了，也起不到补钙补铁的作用。

      ③不过，仅用蛋白质含量来比较汤与肉的价值，对某些情况来说也不够准确。鸡汤肉汤中还是有很多好东西，比如溶出来的游离氨基酸、小肽、谷氨酸、谷氨酰胺、肌酸、B族维生素等物质，病后虚弱消化不良者可快速利用，起到改善食欲、提高消化能力的作用。对病弱者来说，虽然完整肉块的蛋白质含量更高，但因为消化吸收能力和肝肾处理功能低下，他们无法充分消化吸收其中的蛋白质，甚至可能造成消化系统和肝肾的负担。从这个角度说，喝鸡汤、肉汤，让体弱者快速吸收一些含氮物，短时间内觉得精神好一些，古人认为是“滋补”作用，也不能说完全错误。再说鸡汤的美味确实会让人情绪愉快，只要没有高尿酸血症，不放过多的盐，人们乐于享用鲜汤也完全无可厚非。

      ④只是，在喝汤的同时，还要注意撇去上面的油，并尽量少放盐，越淡越好。否则，养生效果没看出来，肥肉倒是贴了不少，咸汤喝多了血压也升上去，那就与“养生”的目标南辕北辙了。至于补钙，直接喝牛奶酸奶，吃豆制品，吃绿叶菜，或者服用钙片都可以，就不要指望骨头汤肉汤了。补铁的话，也要直接吃红肉、动物血或动物内脏，喝汤是没多大用的。

      ⑤只是，煮过汤的肉块鱼块怎么办呢？当然也不能浪费，再做成另一个菜就好了。比如鸡胸肉，虽然鲜味大打折扣了，完全可以把它撕成细丝，然后加点笋丝、黄瓜丝之类，用麻酱汁、海鲜汁、椒麻汁等调味料拌一下，味道非常不错。

                                                                                                                                                                           （选自《百科知识》）