计算：4sin60°﹣|﹣2|﹣ $\sqrt{12}$ +（﹣1）²⁰¹⁶．

西北地区与青藏地区最主要的农业生产部门是（　　）

发生于19世纪60年代的日本明治维新和俄国农奴制改革，其相同点是 （   ）

①改革前都面临内外危机     ②农民都可以用赎买的方式得到土地

③都提倡“文明开化”     ④都通过改革走上了资本主义

阅读下面的文言文，完成文后各题。

    薛聪，字延智，方正有理识，善自标致，不妄游处。虽在暗室，终日矜庄，见者莫不懔然加敬。博览坟籍，精力过人，至于前言往行，多所究悉。词辩占对，尤是所长。遭父忧，庐于墓侧，哭泣之声，酸感行路。友于笃睦，而家教甚严，诸弟虽昏宦，恒不免杖罚，对之肃如也。未弱冠，州辟主簿。太和十五年，释褐著作佐郎。于时，孝文留心氏族，正定官品，士大夫解巾，优者不过奉朝请，聪起家便佐著作，时论美之。后迁书侍御史，凡所弹劾，不避强御，孝文或欲宽贷者，聪辄争之。帝每云：“朕见薛聪，不能不惮，何况诸人也？”自是贵戚敛手。累迁直阁将军，兼给事黄门侍郎、散骑常侍，直阁如故。聪深为孝文所知，外以德器遇之，内以心膂为寄。亲卫禁兵，委总管领，故终太和之世，恒带直阁将军。群臣罢朝之后，聪恒陪侍帷幄，言兼昼夜。时政得失，预以谋谟，动辄匡谏，事多听允。而重厚沈密，外莫窥其际。帝欲进以名位，辄苦让不受，帝亦雅相体悉，谓之曰：“卿天爵【注】自高，固非人爵之所荣也。”又除羽林监。帝曾与朝臣论海内姓地人物，戏谓聪曰：“世人谓卿诸薛是蜀人，定是蜀人不？”聪对曰臣远祖广德世仕汉朝时人呼为汉臣九世祖永随刘备入蜀时人呼为蜀臣今事陛下是虏非蜀也。帝抚掌笑曰：“卿幸可自明非蜀，何乃遂复苦朕？”聪因投戟而出。帝曰：“薛监醉耳。”其见知如此。二十三年，从驾南征，兼御史中尉。及宣武即位，除都督、齐州刺史，政存简静。卒于州，吏人追思，留其所坐榻以存遗爱。赠征虏将军、华州刺史，谥日简懿侯。魏前二年，重赠车骑大将军、仪同三司、延州刺史。

（节选自《北史·薛聪传》）

【注】天爵：天然的爵位。指高尚的道德修养。

    I learned about life from an ant farm. When I was seven years old, my family created one. First, we put clean sand in a thin glass box and put the ants into it. Soon they got to work making tunnels. I was amazed that each one knew exactly what to do. With my mom's help, I kept a record of what happened each day and named the ants.
    One day when I had put my face close to the structure (building), accidentally I knocked it over, and all the tunnels fell in. Although the ants survived their earthquake, one by one they began to die. I was frightened as I watched them give up their tunnel-building to carry the bodies to a corner of the farm. My mother reported that the ants were dying of “frustration (挫折)”. They simply could not stand the reality that their tunnels had been destroyed.
    Although much time has passed, I still think of that ant farm. Over the years, I came to realize the ants have the spirit of teamwork. Working together, they were able to create an amazing world for themselves. I also learned that they should be admired for their hard work. Day in and day out, each worked at their task. The ant farm showed that teamwork and perseverance (毅力) are indeed the keys to success. But there was an even larger lesson that I did not realize until recently —Adversity (逆境) is a natural part of life, and must be accepted. Unlike the ants, humans cannot give up when they face disappointment.
    So I try to live my life like those hardworking ants. But, unlike them, I try not to let frustration defeat (击败) me. I will have to keep building my tunnels.