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让科幻文学推动创新

刘慈欣

    对国内大众而言,科幻文学在许多年里都是一个陌生事物。它属于类型文学,受众很少,部分作品还带有一定的专业门槛。但过去的一年里,媒体大范围地报道,把科幻文学推到了聚光灯下,有更多人开始关注这个由来已久的“新”现象。那么,什么是科幻?

    在内容题材和表现形式上,科幻文学和主流文学是存在差异的。主流文学一般而言更加关注现实和历史,而科幻文学关注的是未来。所以在文学手法上,科幻更多的不是去反映、隐喻或批判现实,而是把作家的思考投射到未来。此外,在读者群上,主流文学背靠学院正统,在其身后存在一个庞大而悠久的评价体系。相比之下,科幻文学则更依赖于市场和读者的肯定。

    在科幻界还有一种说法,即“科幻是最大的一种现实主义”。因为所谓“未来”,正是必将到来的“现实”,是现实在靠前的时间轴线上的投影。科幻文学同样可以带入问题意识,去探讨主流文学正在涉及或未曾涉及的领域,并通过在时空上拉开距离形成陌生化的效应。

    其实科幻文学也和中国梦产生了莫大关联。有人认为,科幻是唯一可以直接描写出中国梦的文学题材﹣﹣因为其他文学类型都只能聚焦于未完成的当下,科幻小说却可以直接描摹出中国梦成为现实的绚烂图景。在这种意义上讲,科幻文学的确是一种最具现代感和现实性的文学类型。

    不仅主流文学,任何文学类型的创作都要求作家足够洞悉世界、生活和人本身,科幻也不例外。但对于科幻文学,只深入生活是不够的,还需要作家了解科技前沿,寄托思考和想象,尤其要发挥创新能力。我认为,科幻文学是创新意识最强的一种文体。科幻文学的兴盛,将会对建设创新型国家起到重要的推动作用。

    科幻是一种让想象力得到驰骋与磨砺的文学体裁,无论创作还是阅读,都是对想象力的锻炼。而它与科技的内在关系,也使我们能够重新审视科技在当代社会的地位。自然,科幻文学并不能直接授人以科学知识,但它通过对想象世界的描写和对科技社会的预言,足以激活我们的创造力,也激发出指向科技领域的强烈兴趣。事实上,有许多最终走上研究之路的科学家,都曾经受到过科幻文学的影响。

    技术旨在提高生活水平,而科学的使命却是更深刻地认识自然规律。比如最近引发热议的“引力波”,在未来相当长时间内,可能都无法直接作用于现实,但是这项发现却开启了认知未知世界的一扇天窗。也许有人怀疑,人类为何要去仰望那遥不可及的星空?其实,许多当下看似无用的知识,从拉长了的时间维度去看,可能都会意义非凡。在我看来,朝向未知世界的探索和拓展,不仅足以开阔眼界,更能涤荡心灵,使我们洞察到人类文明演进的本质所在。

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    A student's life is never easy.____A lot of preparations are needed so you can be sure to go back home with a diploma and a bright future waiting for you. The following are some basic things you need to do before seizing your passport and boarding the plane.

    Knowing the country.

    You shouldn't bother researching the country's hottest tourist spots or historical places. You won't go there as a tourist, but as a student. I'll be helpful to read the most important points in their history and to read up on their culture.____You surely don't want to face legal problems, especially if you're away from home.

    Studying their language.

    Don't expect that you can graduate abroad without knowing even the basics of the language. Before leaving your home country, take online lessons to at least master some of their words and sentences.____ Doing this will also prepare you in communicating with those who can't speak English.

    ____

    Check the conversion(兑换) of your money to their local currency, set up your bank account so you can use it there, get an insurance, and find an apartment. The Internet or your intended school will be very helpful in finding an apartment and helping you understand local currency.

    Remember, you're not only carrying your own reputation but your country's reputation as well. If you act foolishly, people there might think that all of your country men are foolish as well.____

A. Packing your clothes.

B. And it is even more difficult if you have to complete your study in a foreign land.

C. That would surely be a very bad start for your study abroad program.

D. This will be useful in living and studying there.

E. Most importantly, read about their laws.

F. Going with their trends will keep it from being too obvious that you're a foreigner.

G. Preparing for other needs.