古今中外，危机与改革相伴随，直面危机，勇于改革，是人类追求历史发展、社会进步的永恒话题。阅读下列材料，回答问题：

材料一：卫鞅曰，“治世不一道，便国不法古。”孝公曰，“善。”以卫鞅为左庶长，卒定变法之令。……内容包括：1，承认土地私有、准许自由买卖。2，奖励耕织、按军功大小封爵、授田、踢宅。3，推行县制，全国设31县，由国君直接派官吏治理。

﹣﹣七年级历史救学参考岳麓版

材料二：1898年6月，光绪帝颁布《定国是诏》和一系列诏令，实施变法。变法涉及政治、经济、文化、军事等各方面，但“改科举、废八股”的诏令引发各地士人“民情汹汹，群起反对”，而军事上的措施既少又空洞无法实施。……各省督抚大多持观望态度，这些诏令始终停留在纸面上。梁启超在《变法通议》中记载“西后待皇上疾声厉色，呵斥之声不绝。皇上见西后如对狮虎，战战兢兢。……诸臣之敢履次抗拂上（皇上）意者，皆以恃西后为护符，欺皇上之无权也。……上（皇上）所倚者，唯军机四章京而已。”

﹣﹣八年级历史教学参考岳麓版

材料三：在社会主义的发展道路问题上，要走自己的路，不要把书本当教条，不照搬外国模式，以马克思主义为指导，以实践作为检验真理的唯一标准，解放思想，实事求是，尊重群众的首创精神，建设有中国特色的社会主义。

﹣﹣中共中央文献研究室《历次中央全会重要文件选编》

B

    A small, white envelope(信封) stuck among the branches of our Christmas tree and it has been there for the past ten years or so.

    It all began because my husband Justin hated Christmas—oh, not the true meaning of Christmas. Overspending was one thing, but compared to the difficult experience of choosing gifts—running around at the last minute to get a tie for Uncle Harry and a pair of gloves for Grandma…… spending money is nothing. I felt too tired to think of any special gifts.

    Knowing Justin felt the same way, I decided one year not to buy the usual shirts, sweaters, ties and so on. I reached for something special just for Justin. The inspiration came in an unusual way.

    Our son Kevin, who was 12 that year, was wrestling(摔跤) at the junior level at the school he attended; and shortly before Christmas, there was a match against a team sponsored(赞助) by an inner-city church. These youngsters, dressed in such worn out shoes that shoe strings seemed to be the only thing holding them together, while our boys were in their blue and gold uniforms and new wrestling shoes.

    As the match began, I was shocked to see that the other team were wrestling without wearing helmets(头盔) to protect their ears. Well, our boys ended up defeating them. We took every weight class.

    Justin, seated beside me, shook his head sadly, "I wish just one of them could have won," he said. "They have a lot of potential(潜力), but losing like this could take the heart out of them." Justin loved kids-all kids, and he knew them, having coached little league football and baseball. That's when the idea for his present came. That afternoon, I went to a local sporting goods store and bought different kinds of wrestling helmets and shoes. I sent them to inner-city church without leaving my name.

    On Christmas Eve, I placed the envelope on the tree, the note inside telling Justin what I had done and that was his gift from me. His smile was the brightest thing about Christmas that year and since then the envelope has become the highlight of our Christmas.