题干

一段时间以来,我国出现电力紧张局面,对此,国家有关部门采取了“错锋用电,峰谷电价”等措施,即降低低谷电价,鼓励用电低谷时用电;用电高峰时调高电价,引导企业避开用电高峰期,据此回答下列各题:
【小题1】实行“错峰用电,峰谷电价”
①是自觉运用价值规律的体现 ②运用价格杠杆调节资源配置 ③发挥了宏观调控对资源配置的基础性作用 ④是解决我国电力紧张局面的根本性措施
A.①②B.②③C.①②③D.①③④
【小题2】中国未来的电力定价将进行大的调整,实行分段收费(按季节性和时段所导致的不同成本来定价),从而达到优化零售电价结构的目的。这样做是因为

A:合理的电价既要体现价值,又要反映供求关系

B:电价应当稳中有变,不断调整

C:电价是由市场供求关系决定的

D:优化零售电价结构需要电价上涨

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答案(点此获取答案解析)

A

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阅读理解

    Chokwe Selassie, aged 13, is working hard to help drivers avoid potholes(坑洼). The eighth-grader was inspired to kick off his creation on a recent morning, when his mother was driving him to school. Their car was damaged as it went over a huge pothole in the middle of the street in their hometown of Jackson, Mississippi. He decided to do something about the pothole problem in his city. His solution: an app that warns drivers when there is a pothole ahead.

    Chokwe developed the app with his friends Rodriguez Ratliff and Emmanuel Brooks. When the app detects a pothole, it is highlighted in red. And if you get close to the pothole, your phone will warn you. Drivers can also use the app to report any potholes they meet, and to look for other routes they can take to avoid roads that have them.

    The app relies on current available information about the streets of Jackson. It works by using the city's 311 call system, and uses information already stored in a database. Through the call system, citizens dial 311 to report non-emergency problems, which include potholes. Chokwe and his friends determined that focusing on the 10 busiest streets in Jackson would give them a large enough sample size to test the prototype(原型).

    Although the app isn't yet available for sale,Chokwe is already looking for ways to improve it. The prototype remains limited to 10 streets in Jackson, but he hopes to add more, so that it includes every street in the city. And then he wants to go even farther until it's nationwide.