①从天安门往里走，沿着一条笔直的大道穿过端门，就到午门的前面。午门俗称五凤楼，是紫禁城的正门。走进午门，是一个宽广的庭院，弯弯的金水河像一条玉带横贯东西，河上是五座精美的汉白玉石桥。桥的北面是太和门，一对威武的铜狮守卫在门的两侧。

    ②进了太和门，就到紫禁城的中心——三大殿：太和殿、中和殿、保和殿。三座大殿矗立在七米多高的白石台基上。台基有三层，每层的边缘都用汉白玉栏杆围绕着，上面刻着龙凤流云，四角和望柱下面伸出一千多个圆雕鳌头，嘴里都有一个小圆洞，是台基的排水管道。

    ③太和殿俗称金銮殿，高28米，面积2380多平方米，是故宫最大的殿堂。在湛蓝的天空下，那金黄色的琉璃瓦重檐屋顶，显得格外辉煌。殿檐斗拱、额枋、梁柱，装饰着青蓝点金和贴金彩画。正面是12根红色大圆柱，金琐窗，朱漆门，同台基相互衬映，色彩鲜明，雄伟壮丽。

    ④大殿正中是一个约两米高的朱漆方台，上面安放着金漆雕龙宝座，背后是雕龙屏。方台两旁有六根高大的蟠龙金柱，每根大柱上盘绕着矫健的金龙。仰望殿顶，中央藻井有一条巨大的雕金蟠龙。从龙口里垂下一颗银白色大圆珠，周围环绕着六颗小珠，龙头、宝珠正对着下面的宝座。梁枋间彩画绚丽，有双龙戏珠、单龙翔舞，有行龙、升龙、降龙，多态多姿，龙身周围还衬托着流云火焰。

    ⑤三大殿建筑在紫禁城的中轴线上，这条线也是北京城的中轴线，向南从午门到天安门延伸到正阳门、永定门，往北从神武门到地安门、鼓楼，全长约八公里。

    ⑥太和殿是举行重大典礼的地方。皇帝即位、生日、婚礼和元旦等都在这里受朝贺。每逢大典，殿外的白石台基上下跪满文武百官，中间御道两边排列着仪仗，皇帝端坐在宝座上。大殿廊下，鸣钟击磬，乐声悠扬。台基上的香炉和铜龟、铜鹤里点起檀香或松柏枝，烟雾缭绕。

（节选自黄传惕《故宫博物院》）

    The ability to forgive others is a great thing that can certainly help to make life happier for everyone. However, some people think that it is very 1 to do, and they don't know how to forgive others, especially their family and friends. This is all 2 they don't understand the meaning of “forgiveness”.

    In the dictionary, “to forgive” means “to 3 feeling angry with somebody that has done something bad to you.” I'm happy that many people have 4 in doing this. I have succeeded, too, and I know how hard it is.

    I lived with a friend for two years. During that time, he did cause me many 5. I easily got angry when communicating with him. However, we 6 had a talk about our problems. When he pointed out that I wasn't treating him like a friend, I was 7. I never knew that I also needed to be forgiven for doing something wrong. I thought however 8 I might get, I did love my friend deep in my heart. Then I understood the saying, “To love is to forgive.” And when we 9 each other, we feel great. After that long talk, we both 10 those bad moments. Our friendship became fresh again.

    Now I understand the meaning of forgiveness better.

 作文：

       生活中，我们往往忽略“常识”，“常识”是什么？就是普通的、一般的知识，譬如：敬老爱幼扶助弱者是常识，遵守公共秩序学会排队是常识，不浪费生活资源爱惜粮食是常识，对帮助自己的人道声感谢是常识，敬重祖国语文不说粗话脏话是常识，……

       请以“尊重常识”为题目作文。

       要求：①可以写人，也可以叙事，还可以议论；②可以写记叙文，也可以写议论文，文体特点要明显；③文中不要出现真实的人名、校名和地名。④不少于600字。

如图，重为50N的物体挂在杠杆B点，OB=0.4m，OA=1m，在A端施加竖直向上的拉力F，当F=____ N（杠杆自重忽略不计）时，杆杆在水平置平衡；测量质量的工具托盘天平也是杠杆，它属于____ （选填“省力”、“费力”或“等臂”）杠杆．

小明同学利用图所示的光具盘进行光的反射实验，让一束白光从左边斜射到平面镜上，多次改变入射的方向，他测得如下的数据：