题干

历史语境中的语言和文化

材料三 20世纪10年代,《新青年》杂志有过一场汉字存废问题的讨论。主张废汉字的学者认为:汉字难识难写,不便推广;“新理新事新物之名词,一无所有”;“欲使中国民族为二十世纪文明之民族,必以废孔学,灭道教为根本之解决,而废记载孔门学说及道教妖言之汉文,尤为根本解决之根本解决。”

近代以来,汉语中出现了大量新词汇。表3内容为新词汇示例。

表3

创造新词的方式

繁体字

1956年后推行的简体字

音译外来词

沙發、牛頓、布爾什維克

沙发、牛顿、布尔什维克、麦当劳

赋予旧词新涵义

共和、格致學、計學、總統

共和、科学(格致学)、经济学(计学)、总统

其他

西學、洋錢

西学、洋钱、孔子学院

阅读材料三,结合所学,分析“废汉字”主张提出的时代背景;以“挑战与应对——百年来汉语的变迁”为主题,对表3进行解读。

要求:提取信息充分;总结和归纳准确、完整;解释和分析逻辑清晰。

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答案(点此获取答案解析)

背景:20世纪10年代中国兴起了“新文化运动”,其代表人物提出了“民主与科学”、“打倒孔家店”、“文学革命”等口号,掀起了白话文运动。其中更激进的人士认为,汉字是一切旧思想、旧道德、旧文化的载体,成为中国变革图存、融入世界的障碍,因此提出“废汉字”的主张。

同类题4

用括号里所给动词的适当形式填空。请将答案填写指定位置。

    It ____(get) dark. Paul looked out of the window and signed (叹气). Dad said he could come home by 5:30, but it was almost 7:00. Even if Dad came back, it wouldn't be much fun playing baseball in the dark. Paul walked into his room and____(throw) his baseball into the corner. He tried to do some homework, but couldn't.

    Paul couldn't understand why Dad was so busy. He threw himself into the sofa and soon fell asleep. His book____(open) to the first page.

    The next day at school, Paul didn't hand in his homework and failed a test. Mrs. Green, his teacher, asked him to stay after school. “This isn't like you. What's wrong?”

    Paul just sat there quietly. “Paul, if you don't want to talk, I will. I know that something wrong     with you, but you have to get it out. You need to tell someone.”

    As Paul walked home, he thought of what Mrs. Green said. When Paul got home, he called his dad. But there was no answer. Then it went to voicemail (语音信箱). Paul began talking: “Dad, I can't play with you next weekend. I ____(get) lots of problems with my homework. Also, I really don't want to spend another day looking out of the window and waiting. Whenever you break our plans, Dad, it  ____(hurt) me. It's not too late to rebuild our relationship, but we have to start small. I call you to ask you to help me with my homework sometime. Dad, I love you.”

    As Paul ended the call, he felt much relaxed. He didn't know whether his dad____(be) different, but it didn't matter. He himself changed. He expressed his feelings to the right person. He had a clear head as he did his homework that evening.