生活在这里的居民主要信仰（    ）

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丝路明珠﹣﹣喀什

刘小方

       ①在大多数人的印象中，远离海洋、地处欧亚大陆腹地的喀什，是内陆干旱和极端干旱的典型区域，热浪里孤独的行者身影、茫茫戈壁中蜿蜒远去的碛道、瀚海沙漠中响起的驼铃等的确是前往喀什的常见景观；但事实上，绿意盎然的林木、波光粼粼的湖泊、水鸟栖息芦苇丛生的湿地、奔腾交错的河流同样也是喀什的风貌。

       ②越是靠近人烟辐辏的市镇，绿的面积与浓度就越大越高。喀什噶尔河自帕米尔高原而来，从西南向东穿越喀什境内，平均河宽40米，滋润和哺育了乌恰、疏勒、伽师等多个绿洲。叶尔羌河从东北的喀喇昆仑山山口而来，向西流经喀什并形成许多分支，浇灌出全疆最大的叶尔羌绿洲群。除此之外，还有提孜那甫河、克孜勒河、盖孜河、库山河、吐曼河等十余条大大小小的河流在喀什大地上纵横流淌，区域内河水年径流量相当于黄河流量的六分之一。喀什，这个丝路上曾经最重要的国际商埠，正是因为诸水的环绕，才能延续千年的文明与传奇，并将在“一带一路”的国家战略中华丽转身，成为联通中亚、沟通世界的桥头堡。

       ③有水就有生命，冰川融雪所成之河在喀什干涸的大地上蜿蜒流淌。聪慧的先民们用淋洗土壤的方式排除戈壁盐碱地的盐碱，他们用砍土镘、箩筐等简陋农具，肩挑背扛地在盐碱地上开挖数百千米的排灌系统，用数年时间将盐碱地开垦成数万亩耕地，形成连片绿洲。

       ④100多年前，来到喀什的英国人斯坦因就曾惊叹于喀什人利用河水开垦浇灌出的大片绿洲：“因为气候干燥，所有这些沙漠田地之上的形态都呈现一种显著的整齐性，无论在任何地带，行人到处可以看到同样的小麦、玉米和棉田，微呈台状以便灌溉，同样的曲折小道，两旁植着白杨垂柳，同样的园亭或者果圃，出产和欧洲相同的丰富果品，足以诱致行人。”现在，没过人头的玉米田、齐腰深的棉花地、望也望不到边的西瓜田在高山冰雪融水的滋润下更加宽广。但要知道的是，与内地河流相比，喀什的河流有枯、洪期差异较大的来水特点，每年6～9月洪水期的径流量占到年径流量的60%～80%，此时水位涨落急剧，昼夜变化明显，水势凶猛难以驾驭，经常发生冲溃堤坝、冲毁农田的洪灾。干渴缺水的同时还得防洪抗洪，听上去匪夷所思，但这正是喀什人千百年来与水共生的真实写照。

       ⑤就此，斯坦因认为，“在那种分外干燥的区域里，因为气候的情形，只容许比较大的团体靠着组织极严密的灌溉制度才能生存，这种依靠秩序统治的定居民族特别适宜吸收和传达从远东以及西方来的文化力量”。原来，在这个干旱的大地角落，对水的利用不仅是城市灵动之景，还关乎生存，更关乎文明的存续。

    When I was little, my mother began selling flowers in Camden Market. She couldn't1me at home on my own, 2I had to go to the market with her.

    3, I didn't have to do anything. I just sat there, and my mother told me jokes and stories so I didn't get 4.When I got older, I gave my mother a hand and I really enjoyed it.

    Then one year, my grandma gave me a book for Christmas. It was all about making candles and I loved it. I was 14, and I didn't have to go to the market5because my mother could leave me at home on my own. I6my free time making candles of all shapes and sizes. I made7them.

    One day, my mother was ill, so I had to go to the market on my own. I decided to8some candles with me and see9I could sell them. They10in 20 minutes! The next week, my mother gave me some money to buy some wax (蜡) to make more candles. They were sold out really quickly, too.

    Ten months later, we decided11flowers. My mother and I couldn't make enough candles during the week, so some of my friends started to help us. I paid them one pound12every candle, and we 13sell them for three or four times. It was fun and my friends worked with me in the market.

    At the age of 22, my uncle14me some money and I opened my first shop in Portobello Road. Since then, I've15looked back, even in difficulties. In the first store, we only sold candles, but now we sell everything from the designer, furniture to paintings. Oh, and candles, of course.

80∶      =400∶50（    ）