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生长素和乙烯与植物生长发育密切相关,请阅读相关资料,回答下列问题:

(1)生长素(IAA)和乙烯作为信号分子,都要通过与受体结合,将信息传递给靶细胞,从而对植物的生命活动起____ 作用.IAA在植物根尖的运输方向是从____ 区到____ 区从而使根伸长.

(2)1964年,科学家进行离体实验发现,当在反应体系中加入14C﹣蛋氨酸,发现有14C﹣乙烯产生,由此推测____ .在以上实验结果的基础上,1979年,美籍华人杨祥发发现,在无氧条件下,当供给植物14C﹣蛋氨酸时,检测不到乙烯产生,只有14C标记的1﹣氨基环丙烷﹣1﹣羧酸(ACC)累积,据此结果推测____ .为了证实上述假设,科学家在____ 条件下,将14C﹣ACC供给植物组织时,发现组织很快____ ,证明上述假设正确.

(3)为研究生长素(IAA)和乙烯影响植物根生长的机理,研究者以拟南芥幼苗为材料进行实验.

①实验一:研究者将拟南芥幼苗放在含不同浓度的ACC、IAA的培养液中培养,测量并记录幼苗根伸长区细胞长度,结果如下表.

组别

添加物质种类及处理浓度(µM)

根伸长区细胞长度(µm)

1

对照

175.1

2

0.20ACC

108.1

3

0.05IAA

91.1

4

0.20ACC+0.05IAA

44.2

实验结果说明,与单独处理相比较,乙烯和IAA对幼苗根伸长区共同作用时____ 

②实验二:将拟南芥幼苗分别放在含有不同浓度IAA的培养液中培养,12小时后测定幼苗根中乙烯的含量,实验结果如图所示.据图分析,可得出的初步结论是____ .

③综合上述各实验的结果可推测,高浓度生长素抑制根生长的作用最可能是通过____ 而实现的.

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