题干

《圣经·新约》中“马太福音”第25章有这么几句话:“凡有的,还要加给他,叫他多余;没有的,连他们所有的,也要夺过来。”美国科学史研究者莫顿用这几句话概括社会两极分化的现象,并将其命名为“马太效应”。从经济学角度看,要将此效应对和谐社会的负面影响降到最小,需要(  )

A:发挥市场在资源配置中的基础性作用

B:国家要加强宏观调控

C:充分发挥企业的市场主体作用

D:努力提高经营者的职业道德

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答案(点此获取答案解析)

B

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阅读理解

    People often ask which is the most difficult language to learn, and it is not easy to answer because there are many factors to take into consideration. Firstly, in a first language the differences are unimportant as people learn their mother tongue naturally, so the question of how hard a language is to learn is only relevant when learning a second language.

    A native speaker of Spanish, for example, will find Portuguese much easier to learn than a native speaker of Chinese, for example, because Portuguese is very similar to Spanish, while Chinese is very different, so first language can affect learning a second language. The greater the differences between the second language and our first, the harder it will be for most people to learn.

    Many people answer that Chinese is the hardest language to learn, possibly influenced by the thought of learning the Chinese writing system, and the pronunciation of Chinese does appear to be very difficult for many foreign learners. However, for Japanese speakers, who already use Chinese characters in their own language, learning writing will be less difficult than for speakers of languages using the Roman alphabet.

    Different cultures and individuals will find different languages more difficult. In the case of Hungarian for British learners, it is not a question of the writing system, which uses a similar alphabet, but the grammatical complexity, though native speakers may find it easier, struggling with languages that the British find relatively hard.

    No language is easy to learn well, though languages which are related to our first language are easier. Learning a completely different writing system is a huge challenge, but that does not necessarily make a language more difficult than another. In the end, it is impossible to say that one language that is the most difficult language in the world.