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      The British are known for their sense of humour. However, it is often difficult for foreigners to understand their jokes. The main point to remember is that the British often use understatement.  
     Understatement means saying less than you think or feel. For example, if someone gets very wet in a shower of rain, he might say, ‘It's a    little damp (潮湿的) outside.’ Or, if someone is very impolite and shouts at another person, someone else might say, ‘She isn't exactly friendly.’ Understatement is often used in unpleasant situation or to make another person look silly. Understatement plays an important part in British humour.
       Another key to understanding British humour is that the British like to make fun of themselves as well as others. They often laugh about the silly and unpleasant things that happen to our everyday life when someone accidently falls over in the street. They also like to make jokes about people from different classes of society. They like to make jokes about their accents, the way they dress and the way they behave. What’s more, the British love to watch comedies (喜剧) about people who do not know how to behave in society. The comedies series Mr Bean is a good example of this kind of humor.
     Mr Bean is the character created by British actor Rowan Atkinson in 1990. Mr Bean doesn't talk often, and instead he uses his body movement and facial expressions to make people laugh. Perhaps what makes Mr Bean so funny is that he does things that adults in the real world cannot do. Mr Bean is popular in many countries round the world because you do not have to speak English to understand the humour. Because of this, many people have become familiar with the British sense of humour.

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面粉增白剂的废存之争

       ①过氧化苯甲酰俗称“面粉增白剂”,在面粉加工过程中,小麦的糊粉层所含的类胡萝卜素要远比麦心胚乳内的含量高得多,导致色泽不佳。添加了增白剂后,可以氧化面粉中的类胡萝卜素,提高面粉的白度,使得面粉加工设备水平不再成为影响面粉色泽的唯一因素,因此可以使小麦在加工同一等级面粉方面相对提高了出粉率,这既能提高面粉加工企业的经济效益,也相对增加了粮食产量。与此同时,刚刚生产加工出来的面粉,需要经过“熟化”过程才能具备最佳口感。过氧化苯甲酰还是面粉加工的熟化剂,如果不添加过氧化苯甲酰,面粉的自然“熟化”过程可能需要增加十几天的时间,无形中增加了企业生产成本。

       ②面粉增白剂的存废之争已持续了20多年,一方是以卫生部为代表的“主存派”,一方是以国家粮食局为代表的“主废派”。“主存派”认为,迄今为止,医学研究没有证实面粉中过氧化苯甲酰可以给人体造成明确的损害。“主废派”认为,过氧化苯甲酰毕竟属于化学品,若过量使用会影响人体健康。我国《食品添加剂使用卫生标准》规定,禁止在糕点、饼干等食品中添加苯甲酸。过氧化苯甲酰在人体内的主要的代谢产物是苯甲酸,而糕点、饼干的主要原料正是面粉。

       ③研究表明,过氧化苯甲酰的面粉增白效果在80mg/kg~100mg/kg以上时才能达到最佳效果,而国家标准限定在60mg/kg。目前国内有面粉加工企业近4万家,在消费者以面粉的“白”作为其质量评判尺度时,致使不少小型面粉加工企业悄悄提高了面粉中过氧化苯甲酰的含量。更有不良商人往增白剂里添加致命性更强的石灰粉来提高面粉的白度。虽然有人认为,增白剂是一只替罪羊。但即使是替罪羊,如果能去除,也是对食品安全加了一道保险。

       ④任何化学品的安全性都以剂量为前提,过氧化苯甲酰在一定剂量条件下,对人的皮肤、上呼吸道有确切的刺激性和致敏性。国内学者的研究表明,以过氧化苯甲酰40毫克涂抹于小鼠皮肤后,存在促进恶性肿瘤发生的倾向。但是应当看到,迄今为止过氧化苯甲酰的任何危害效应,其接触剂量都远远超过了《食品添加剂使用卫生标准》中明确规定的剂量。消费者选购面粉时,不应以颜色白作为评判优劣标准,选择颜色较黑的全麦面粉更有益于身体健康。