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                                                                                                                独具风韵的脸谱
         ①五彩缤纷的戏剧脸谱是中国特有的一种独具风格的造型艺术，受到了世界各国人民的赞誉。如今，脸谱这一古老艺术不但没有因世事沧桑而消失，相反，缤纷绚丽、气象万千的彩陶、邮票、国画、剪纸、木偶、竹刻等脸谱艺术品，    成了人们家中常见的挂饰物品，    成为人们所钟爱的收藏品。
        ②《乐府杂录》记载，北齐兰陵王高长恭英勇善战，但因貌美少威，因而每次打仗都戴上形状狰狞的面具。脸谱到了唐代发展成为一种表演歌舞时的专用道具。这种戴着面具的演出，观众对演员表情的变化看不见，妨碍对戏剧艺术的欣赏，后来演出时就不戴面具了，发展为将面具上的花纹直接画在演员脸上的化妆艺术；宋元时期，出现“抹”、“搽”两种面部化妆方法，油彩多用灰、白、黑几种；到了明代，面部化妆色彩更加多样化，有黑脸、红脸、花脸、青脸和蓝脸等。各种脸谱的颜色都有一定的象征意义：红色表示英勇、正义，如关羽赤胆忠心，就勾画红脸；黄色表示勇猛、残暴，如《战宛城》中的典韦、《马陵道》中的庞涓，就勾画黄脸；白色表示奸诈、多谋，如曹操就勾画白脸；黑色表示刚直、果断，如包拯铁面无私，就勾画黑脸；蓝色表示坚毅、勇敢，如《连环套》中的窦尔墩、《白水滩》中的青面虎，就勾画蓝脸；此外还有神怪一类人物，化妆则用金色、银色等。
        ③我国古老的戏剧如徽剧、昆曲、秦腔、川剧等，绝大多数都有各自的脸谱形式。清代中期形成的京剧，脸谱多达上百种，成为中华民族传统文化中的瑰宝。
        ④脸谱在谱式、图案和颜色上，有其既定的格式。脸谱谱式大致可分为整脸、三块瓦脸、十字门脸、六分脸、碎脸、歪脸、象形脸等，其中，整脸和三块瓦脸是最基本的两种谱式。“整脸”是指脸上只涂一种主色，不勾花纹，不歪不破，略画眉、眼、鼻和纹理，这种谱式多用于刻画面带笑容、内藏奸诈的权贵。“三块瓦脸”是用黑色或其他深色夸张地表现眼睛和鼻子，类似三块瓦，这种谱式用途较广，正面人物和反面人物都可以用。“十字门脸”的底色为白色，自鼻子到脑门上画一黑色立柱，又在黑眼窝中间画一横线，两眉画两个椭圆形黑点，形似“十”字。“六分脸”的脑门上为白色，从鼻子到脑门上画一深色立柱，又以同色画眉毛以下至两颊，在眉间画两个深色椭圆形的点，整个脸白色与深色大致比例为四六开，因而称“六分脸”。
        ⑤脸谱艺术在长期的发展过程中，被广泛应用于工艺美术领域，如彩塑、剪纸、竹刻、烧瓷、蜡染、风筝、面具、蛋壳、皮影、木偶、邮票和装饰包装等。脸谱艺术品的收藏价值，主要取决于它的艺术价值和文物价值，年代久远和名人制作的脸谱，其收藏价值就高，尤其是名人的国画脸谱、古代戏曲人物的古壶和瓷瓶脸谱等，无不成为收藏者追寻的收藏珍品。近年来，我国多次举办“中国脸谱艺术展”，展出的彩塑立体脸谱、戏剧人物的国画脸谱、蛋塑脸谱、社火脸谱、有机玻璃脸谱等，引起了人们的浓厚兴趣并深受好评。
        ⑥脸谱作为装饰品走进了千家万户，它自然古朴，典雅新奇。收藏脸谱，不仅可以提高人们对戏曲艺术的鉴赏水平，还可陶冶性情，并且还可以投资增值，热衷于脸谱艺术的收藏者又何乐而不为呢？

    A white elephant gift exchange is a popular holiday party game in, the United States. Generally, the party needs at least six participants, and' the larger the group: is, the more entertaining the game will be____But it can result in heated competitions between players trying to get the gifts.

    ____Sometimes, the rule is that the item must be previously owned, which means that you can exchange an unwanted item or trinket(小装饰品) with your friends. But sometimes you can buy a new but inexpensive item just for the party.

    Every participant is expected to bring one wrapped(包装好的) gift. A white elephant gift is usually something useless or inconvenient____ Guests are asked to wrap them nicely and leave no identifying markings on the presents.

    To start the game, a participant must act as the first player to choose a gift; this can be decided randomly or by picking numbers out of a hat____As for the next player? This person can either “steal” the first person's gift or choose an unwrapped item from the pile. Each gift can be stolen only three times before it is considered "dead".

    ____Any person that has to give up a gift can also pick a new gift or steal one from another person. Each turn is only allowed three swaps between the current player and the previous players. The game won't finish until all the presents are opened.

A. It all depends on how the game is organized.

B. This process is repeated until the game is over.

C. Don't forget that the game's purpose is to have fun.

D. The first player then opens the gift in front of everyone.

E. White elephant gift exchange can be run in different ways.

F. The goal of the party is usually entertainment rather than gain.

G. Trinkets, unidentifiable kitchen items and toys are typical “white elephants” .

下列各句中，加线的成语使用不恰当的一项是（　　）