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阅读《加碘盐有必要吃吗》的节选文字,回答小题。

加碘盐有必要吃吗

阮光锋

       ①有人说,碘盐吃多了会得甲亢,尤其是沿海地区的人经常吃海产品,所以不需要吃碘盐。这是真的吗?吃碘盐真的会导致碘超标吗?

       ②其实,就目前我们的膳食情况来看,不论是沿海居民还是内陆居民,都需要吃碘盐。

       ③碘是身体必需的微量元素。在我们脖子上有个腺体叫甲状腺,它需要碘来生成甲状腺素,甲状腺素具有加快新陈代谢,促进生长发育尤其是脑发育的作用。如果缺碘,将会影响大脑发育,容易引发克丁病和大脖子病。

       ④碘的饮食主要包括食物、加碘食盐及饮用水。含碘丰富的食物主要有海带、紫菜和海鱼等。不过,国际上公认的防治碘缺乏病的主导措施就是食盐加碘。为什么呢?调查显示,无论是在低碘还是高碘地区,海带、紫菜、海鱼等传统观念中的补碘食物对于碘的摄入量都贡献甚微。因为这些食物虽然含碘量较高,但占人类膳食的比例太小。而且海盐本身其实也不含碘的。在沿海地区,碘盐仍是当地居民重要的碘,不通过食盐补充的话,碘摄入量就会不足。所以,即便生活在海边,仍然需要食用含碘盐。很多人担心碘吃多了会得甲状腺疾病,这是过于担心了。世界卫生组织认为,每日碘摄入量在1000微克以下一般是安全的。正常饮食的话,普通人的碘摄入基本不会超过这个量。

       ⑤很多人认为碘盐是中国特色,其他国家都不这样做,其实,恰恰相反。食盐加碘是世界卫生组织在全球推行的预防和控制碘缺乏病的策略。世界卫生组织推荐食盐中的碘添加量为20-40毫克/千克,而我国食盐的碘添加量低于这一标准,目前为20-30毫克/千克。

                                                                                                                                                                            (选自《百科知识》,有删改)

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