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张巡传

    令狐潮围张巡于雍丘,相守四十余日,朝廷声问不通。潮闻玄宗已幸蜀,复以书招巡。有大将六人,官皆开府,特进白巡,以兵势不敌,且上存亡不可知,不如降贼。巡阳许诺。明日堂上设天子画像,帅将士朝之,人人皆泣。巡引六将于前,责以大义,斩之,士心益劝。

    城中矢尽,巡缚稿为人千余,被以黑衣,夜缒城下,潮兵争射之,久乃知其稿人;得矢数十万。其后复夜缒人,贼笑不设备。乃以死士五百斫潮营,潮军大乱,焚垒而遁,追奔十余里。潮惭益兵围之。

    巡使郎将雷万春于城上,与潮相闻,贼弩射之,面中六矢而不动。潮疑其木人,使谍问之,乃大惊,遥谓巡曰:“向见雷将军,方知足下军令矣,然其如天道何?”巡谓之曰:“君未识人伦,焉知天道!”未几出战,擒贼将十四人,斩首百余级。贼乃夜遁,收兵入陈留不敢复出。

    顷之,贼步骑七千余众屯白沙涡,巡夜袭击,大破之。还至桃陵,遇贼救兵四百余人。悉擒之。分别其众,妫、檀及胡兵悉斩之,荥阳、陈留胁从兵,皆散令归业。旬日间,民去贼来归者万余户。

(选自《资治通鉴》)

[注]①张巡:“安史”乱起时,任真源县令,因上司投敌,他率军开往雍丘。②令狐潮:初为雍丘县令,后降安禄山。

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    One student took a box of chicken to class. Another carried on a cell-phone1and still another whistled loudly every time the2turned his back. Reform school? No. College.

    More and more, professors say, they are3 across rude students in their classrooms. Many of today's young scholars arrive late, leave4talk loud or take care of personal 5such as paying bills during class.

    Why are the students behaving badly?  “Because they can,” said a student of University of North Texas. “A lot of the time, the professors 6them get away with it.”

    Some educators say it is time to bring politeness back to their classrooms—and even7taking some of the blame for bad behavior. They say that8 students are by no means the majority but that one of them can ruin an entire9

    People are10when they learn that impolite behavior is becoming more and more common in11education, says Dr. Gerald Amanda, a counselor at City College of San Francisco. They12some high school students to misbehave but think those who get to 13 will behave more politely.

    Dr. Amanda believes that society in 14 has become more tolerant of rude behavior 15 that people in power, including professors, no longer 16 standards for politeness. That leads to a growing imprudence among some college17“There's a great18 of bad behavior in the world around them, and young people see it and19 disrespect,” said Dr. Amanda20that sometimes students have no idea that they are being rude.