题干

经济近代化是中国近代史曲折发展的一个缩影。阅读材料,回答问题。

材料一:农业谚语和诗歌反映了中国劳动人民对生产经验的总结:

谚语一:立夏到小满,种啥也不晚……清明请,六畜兴;清明雨,百果损。

谚语二:三分种来七分管,十分收成才保险。

诗歌:昼出耘田夜绩麻,村庄儿女各当家。

材料二:从烟台入口的洋布除少部分在本埠附近及山东东部、南部消费外,大部分进入山东北部、西部地区……。1875年,烟台海关税务司就此谈到:“棉布货物由运输商人们运到这里,……有八分之六的棉布运往内地,八分之二的棉布可能留下来就地出售……。”在90年代,济南府的商人每年购进大约200万海关两的洋布,这几乎全部包揽了烟台进口的洋布。

——《19世纪山东的洋纱洋布输入与运销(1860-1900)》

材料三:1897年,张謇在《请兴农会奏》一文中指出:立国之本不在兵和商,在于工与农,“而农为尤要。盖农不生则工无所作,工不作则商无所鬻,相因之势,理所固然”。

——《论清末农业政策的近代化趋向》

材料四:19世纪末20世纪初中国出口商品分类比重(%)

类别

年份

原料

手工制品

机器产品

1893

15.6

81.8

2.6

1910

39.8

41.4

18.8

1920

40.1

39.4

20.5

——资料张东刚等《世界经济体制下的民国时期经济》

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    A poor farmer had a friend who was famous for the wonderful apples he grew. One day, his friend gave him a young apple tree and told him to take it home and 1 it.

    Seeing the gift, the farmer was very happy, and he thought he would also have a lot of wonderful apples, but when he got home, he felt 2 . He did not know where to plant it. He thought over and over and considered every place he could think of. 3 , he decided to plant the tree in his woods. There were many high trees with thick leaves in the woods. With those trees around ,no one else could see the young apple tree. He even felt proud of himself for finding so secret a place for the apple tree. Every day he went to take care of the tree, watering it. To his surprise and 4, the apple tree didn't grow as well as he expected.  It died without sunlight and good soil.

    Later the friend asked the farmer why he had planted the tree in such a 5place. "What's the difference?" the farmer said angrily. "If I had planted the tree near the6, passers-by(行人) would have stolen the fruit. If I had planted the tree in one of my fields, my neighbors would have come at night and 7 some of the apples! If I had planted it near my house, my own children would have taken the fruits. No matter where I plant the tree, I can't have8 to enjoy the apples: So there is no difference where I planted it."

    "Yes," said the friend. "But sooner or later someone could have enjoyed the fruit. Now you not only have robbed(抢夺) everyone of the fruit, but also have 9 a good apple tree! You don't know the true meaning of 'share'!"

    We should learn to 10in our life. The more you want to own something all by yourself, the less you get at last.