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    What is the first thing you want to do when you see someone yawn(打哈欠)? You want to yawn, too! Yawning is contagious.

    Scientists have found that all people yawn. Babies start to yawn even before they are born. The earliest yawn takes place when a baby is still inside its mother. When young children are about one year old, they start to yawn when they see others yawning. That's why scientists seem to think yawning is contagious.

    It's no secret that yawning is contagious, but why do we yawn? Well, scientists are not really sure.

    Some think we yawn because we feel bored. Recently scientists studied two groups of students between the ages of 17 and 19. One group watched music videos, and the other watched a boring color test. Scientists compared the numbers of their yawns and found that the color test group yawned more times than the video group.

    Another reason about yawning has to do with breathing. Some scientists believe that when we are bored or tired, we breathe more slowly. As our breathing slows down, we cannot get rid of(去除) enough carbon dioxide (CO2) in our bodies. When there is too much carbon dioxide, our bodies will tell the brains (大脑) to breathe deeply. The result is a big yawn.                                                           

    In 2007, scientists suggested a new reason. They said that the reason people yawned was to cool down their brains. These scientists found that people who were warmer than others yawned more often.

    Scientists are still trying to find out why yawning happens and why it is so contagious. But they are only sure that when one person yawns, almost everyone else nearby wants to yawn, too.

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阅读下面两篇短文,完成小题。

河中石兽

    沧州南一寺临河干,山门圮于河,二石兽并沉焉。阅十余岁,僧募金重修,求二石兽于水中,竟不可得,以为顺流下矣。棹数小舟,曳铁钯,寻十余里无迹。

    一讲学家设帐寺中,闻之笑曰:“尔辈不能究物理。是非木杮,岂能为暴涨携之去?乃石性坚重,沙性松浮,湮于沙上,渐沉渐深耳。沿河求之,不亦颠乎?”众服为确论。

    一老河兵闻之,又笑曰:“凡河中失石,当求之于上流。盖石性坚重,沙性松浮,水不能冲石,其反激之力,必于石下迎水处啮沙为坎穴。渐激渐深,至石之半,石必倒掷坎穴中。如是再啮,石又再转。转转不已,遂反溯流逆上矣。求之下流,固颠;求之地中,不更颠乎?”

    如其言,果得于数里外。然则天下之事,但知其一,不知其二者多矣,可据理臆断欤?

刘翀读书

    刘翀偶得古兵书,伏读经年,自谓可将①十万。会②有土寇,自练乡兵与之角,全队溃覆,几为所擒。又得古水利书,伏读经年,自谓可使千里成沃壤。绘图列说于州官。州官亦好事,使试于一村。沟洫③甫④成,水大至,顺渠灌入,人几为鱼。由是抑郁不自得,恒独步庭阶,曰:“古人岂欺我哉?”

【注释】①将:率领,带领。②会:恰逢,正赶上。③沟洫:田间水渠。④甫:刚,才。