题干

《清太祖实录》记载:努尔哈赤曾对自己身后国家政治制度提前作出安排“继朕而嗣大位者,毋令强梁有力者为也……且一人纵有知识,终不及众人之谋,今命尔八子为八和硕贝勒,同心谋国,庶几无失。尔八和硕贝勒内择其能受谏而有德者,嗣朕登大位。若不能受谏,所行非善,更择善者立焉。……”这一安排(    )

A:形成了君主与大臣相互制约的局面

B:奠定了议政王大臣会议的基础

C:顺应了民主取代专制的历史趋势

D:遵从了“禅让制”的古代传统

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答案(点此获取答案解析)

A

同类题2

阅读理解

    See a cell phone cover that you like on Taobao? Forget about placing an order, paying the bill online and waiting for days for it to be delivered to you. In the near future, you'll be able to get it in minutes just by hitting "print" on your computer. You might find it hard to believe that you could actually "print" an object as you would a picture. But it is not that hard to understand how it would work. Just as a traditional printer sprays (喷) ink onto paper line by line, modem 3-D printers spread material onto a surface layer by layer, from the bottom to the top, gradually building up a shape.

    Instead of ink, the materials the 3-D printer uses are mainly plastic, resin (树脂) and certain metals. The thinner each layer is — from a millimeter to less than the width of a hair —the smoother and finer the object will be. This may sound like a completely new technology, but the truth is that 3-D printing has been around since the late 1980s. Back then, it was barely affordable for most people, so few knew about it.

    Last year, though, saw a big change in the 3-D printing industry — printers became much cheaper. For example, 10 years ago a desktop 3-D printer might have cost £20,000, while now they cost only about £ 1,000, according to the BBC. Taken out of the factory and introduced to more diverse and common uses, 3-D printing can create just about anything you can think of --- flutes (笛子), bikinis, jewelry, aircraft parts and even human organs. In fact, scientists from Cornell University in New York have just made an artificial ear using a 3-D printer, according to Science Daily. The fake ear looks and acts exactly like a natural one.

    However, as 3-D printing becomes more common, it may bring about certain problems —such as piracy. "Once you can download a coffee maker, or print out a new set of kitchen utensils (餐具) on your personal 3-D printer, who will visit a retail (零售的) store again?", an expert in 3-D printing told Forbes News. Even more frightening, what if anyone in the world could use a 3-D printer to print out a fully functioning gun?

同类题3

阅读材料,完成下列要求。

材料一:1793年,皇帝作出指示,“此次英咭喇(英吉利)贡使到后,一切款待固不可踵事增华。但该贡使航海远来,初次观光上国,非缅甸、安南等处频年入贡者可比。”一道谕令称马戛尔尼使团应得到适当的礼遇和较好的款待。另一道上谕重申,应适当地、不卑不充地接待该贡使,以显示天朝的怀柔之恩。朝廷每天拨出5000两的慷概款项来照料使团前往北京,而在使团运留京城期间,则每天拨款1500两作为款待费用。

材料二:在鸦片战争前,钦差大臣林则徐曾请美国传教士伯驾翻译了瓦奏尔的《国际法》中的三个章节,但还没有《国际法》的全译本,不懂国际法致使早期中国的谈判者犯了许多大错误:他们在关税自主、治外法权和最惠国待遇等一些重大的问题上轻易让步,而在诸如外交代表驻节和觐见不行磕头礼之类平常的、无关宏旨的事情上拼死相争。美国传教士兼教育家丁韪良认为中国急需外交指南,决心翻译一部国际法著作。在中国助手的帮助下,他开始翻译惠顿的《国际法原理》,希望以此表明,有一些约束西洋人的国际关系原则,也希望他的译本能促使不信基督的中国政府承认基督教的精神。急于了解西洋外交的恭亲王,很急切地想知道国际法。

在美国公使封安臣的帮助下,丁韪良的译本于1864年呈递到总理街门。

——以上材料均摘编自徐中约《中国近代史》