题干

新疆煤炭资源丰富,占全国煤炭预测储量的40.5%,为促进新疆煤炭资源开发,国家提出了“疆煤东运”的发展战略,其中“煤从空中走,电送全中国”的“疆电外送”成为“疆煤东运”的破题之举。完成以下问题。

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同类题2

阅读下面的文字,完成小题。

境与象

袁行霈

    意境是指诗人的主观情意与客观物境互相交融而形成的、足以使读者沉浸其中的想象世界。但是,所谓主观情意与客观物境的文融,不能简单地理解为情景交融或意境相加。情景交融,这四个字本没有什么不好,也许因为用滥了,反给人以肤浅的感觉。我所说的“主观情意”,不只是“情”,而是包括了思想、感情、志趣、个性等许多因素、所以我有时索性用叫情志”这个提法。我所谓“物境”也不等于“景”,“景”只是“物境”的一种,这是常识,无须赘言。至于意境相加则是一种很肤浅的说法,任何一部辞典,也不会把“文融”解释为“相加”。意与境交融之后所生成的这个“意境”是一个新的生命,不明白这一点,就很难讨论关于意境的其他问题了。

    这里还有一个境和象的关系问题。刘禹锡所谓“境生于象外”常被人引用和发挥;然而,只要从中国古典诗歌的实际出发(而不是作概念的演绎),联系自己欣赏诗歌的心理活动来考察这个问题,就不难发现,境和象的关系并不这样简单,对刘禹锡这句话的发挥也未必符合他的原意。若论境与象的关系,首先应当承认境生于象,没有象就没有境。刘禹锡虽然说“境生于象外”,但也不否认这一点。细读其《董氏武陵集纪》全文,其中有一段话称赞董延的诗:“心源为炉,笔端为炭,锻炼元木,雕砻群形,纠纷舛错,逐意奔走。”可见刘禹锡也十分重视象的摄取与加工。

    可是,境生于象只说到了问题的一个方面,还有另一个方面就是境超乎象,山象生成的境,并不是一个个象的和,而是一种新的质。意境超出于具体的象之上,也就超越了具体的时间与空间,而有了更大的自由,更多的想象余地。由象到境,犹如从地面飞升到天空;人站在地上,被周围的东西包围着、壅塞着,所看到的是一些具体的景物。一旦翱翔于广袤的天空,就能看到超越于具体景物的一片气象。杜甫登上高高的慈恩寺塔,“俯视但一气,焉能辨皇州”,借用这两句诗可以说明超乎象而进入境的情况。没有大地就没有飞升的起点,但不飞离地面也不能进入意境。善于读诗和鉴赏诗的人都有类似的体验,读诗进入意境的时候,自己的心好像长上了翅膀,自由地飞翔于一个超越时空的无涯无涘的世界之中。

    所谓境超乎象,并不意味着意境的形成必须借助意象的比喻、象征。暗示作用、的确,英美意象派所讲的意象多指那些具有比喻、象征,暗示作用的艺术形象,中国古典诗歌中的松、菊、香草、美人,庶几近之-但中国一向对意象的理解却不限于此。那种具有比喻、象征,暗示作用的意象也不是很普遍。只要是熟悉中国诗歌的人都知道,意境的形成不一定要靠比喻,象征和暗示。诸如:“野旷天低树,江清月近人。”“大漠孤烟直,长河落日圆。”“孤帆远影碧空尽,唯见长江天际流。”“纷纷暮雪下辕门,风掣红旗冻不翻”“岱宗夫如何,齐鲁青未了”“无边落木萧萧下,不尽长江滚滚来。”“楼船夜雪瓜州渡,铁马秋风大散关。”以上这些最见意境的诗句都不足靠比喻,象征、暗示形成的,把英美意象派所讲的意象硬搬过来套在中国传统诗歌的意境上,总显得不那么合身。

    总之,境与象的关系全面而确切的表述应该是:境生干象而超乎象,意象是形成意境的材料,意境是意象组合之后的升华。意象好比细微的水珠,意境则是飘浮于天上的云。云是由水珠聚集而成的,但水珠一旦凝聚为云,则有了云的千姿百态。那飘忽的、变幻的、  色彩斑斓、千姿百态的云,它的魅力恰如诗的意境。这恐怕是每一个善于读诗,可以与之谈诗的人都会有的体验。 (选自《学术丈化随笔·诗学篇一一意与境》,有删改)


同类题4

Group exercise is one of the most effective ways to improve physical fitness and sustain a healthy lifestyle.Group exercise is challenging, yet fun and empowering! Of course everyone knows that exercise is good for the body.However, studies have shown that when exercise is performed in groups, it's not only great for improving physical health but for psychological health. It's an opportunity to be social, release endorphins, and improve your strength. Additionally, group exercise creates a community feel and the shared common goal motivates participants to work hard. The instrumental support of taking on a fitness journey with others proves more effective than going to the gym alone.
        Another beneficial aspect of group exercise is the informational support participants receive from the instructor. Many people fear the gym because they feel lost and don't want to embarrass themselves. If you feel you can relate, then group training is an even better option for you. It's a great opportunity to learn more about fitness through the clear instruction and supervision of a fitness instructor. If you're tired of wandering around the gym wasting time and becoming bored, you can attend an upbeat group fitness class that'll keep your workout on track. Don't let fitness frighten you!
        If you're serious about wanting to live a healthy lifestyle, it's extremely important to surround yourself with people who'll provide you with the proper emotional support. I wouldn't scold anyone for deciding to party on weekends and in turn I wouldn't expect anyone to give offence to me for focusing on my health. Surround yourself with people who uplift, encourage and understand you! Make fitness even more fun by trying something new or any group fitness class, with a friend. Plan to go for a jog together. Then try a fun healthy restaurant or fresh juice bar! Fitness can be both fun and social!
        Surrounding yourself with people who'll provide you with respect support can be very beneficial while working towards reaching health and fitness goals. First, decide to do it for yourself and work towards staying positive. Then make sure the people you surround yourself with are supportive. Don't let negativity ruin your motivation.