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小明暑假跟家人一起外出自驾游,在行驶过程中关注到以下现象:
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阅读理解

    Can you write the Chinese characters “ganga” (embarrassment) correctly? Do you know how to write characters like “tiaozhou” (broom)?

    If you can’t, you’re not alone. Nowadays, most people are typing into computers instead of writing on paper. We type Chinese characters largely according to their pronunciations. The result is to recognize characters without remembering how to write them.

China Youth Daily once did a survey among about 2,500 people, in which about 99 percent said they had once forgotten how to write a common Chinese character.

    Compared to adults, teenagers are better at writing Chinese characters because they spend more time learning and practising at school. However, the influence of digital technology cannot be ignored (忽视),according to He Yu, head of a research team for Chinese teaching at a Beijing high school.

    “Many students are obsessed (沉迷于) with digital devices such as electronic dictionaries and computers to help with their studies. Overuse of these tools will make students too lazy to think and write,” he said.

    Such worries have brought about a popular TV show titled Chinese Spelling Hero, which focuses on Chinese character writing among teenagers. In April, the Ministry of Education called for a better calligraphy (书法) education in schools. Organizations like the China Calligraphers Association are also working to train more teachers in calligraphy.

    Interestingly, calligraphy teachers can’t always avoid the effects of modem technology. Shen Bin is a calligraphy teacher at a primary school in Beijing. She admitted that it’s common for teachers like her to forget certain words.

    “The calligraphy class is also a good chance for me to remember how to write,” she said.

同类题5

阅读材料,完成下列要求。

材料一:为什么欧洲的贸易和商品经济孕育了资本主义的萌芽而且后来显然促进了社会转型,使以土地为核心要素的农业社会演进到以资本为核心要素的工业社会?这应该是农业、手工业、商业、城市和地理环境等多种因素共同作用的结果。一方面,自11世纪以后,欧洲农业耕作技术与生产率得到大幅度提高,11至13世纪的拓边殖民运动也使得耕种面积不断扩大,从而保障了人口数量的迅速增加;另一方面,14世纪中期前,欧洲人口对土地的压力一直存在,农业技术的进步节省了劳动力,使得一部分人从旧有的土地经营中摆脱出来,人口开始大量流动,从而带来了商业贸易的机会,而商业的复兴刺激了城市的兴起。“因而我们认为中世纪市场经济的发展与扩张,是对因人口增长而变成可靠的专业化和贸易所带来的机会的直接反应。”

——摘编自萧国亮等编著《世界经济史》等

材料二:由宋元至明清,中国人口数量呈波浪式上升趋势,与此同时土地利用范围也在不断扩大,一方面出现了各种类型的田地,另一方面也不断开辟边疆、山区和海岛。清代江西、湖广、广东、四川、陕西、贵州等地的破产流民源源不断进入川、陕、楚三省边界地区,于是“老林渐开”,“可种之土愈广”,且“多资木箱、盐井、铁厂、纸厂、煤厂、佣工为生”,促进了手工业的发展。商业方面,中国古代社会一直存在着为交换目的而进行的商品生产,但规模都不一定很大。与此同时,大量非商品生产者的产品进入市场交换,从而带动了商业的繁盛。明清时期,中国江南和东南沿海个别城市或某些山区的手工业部门中首先稀疏地出现了资本主义萌芽,并缓慢增长,逐步渗透到农业经济领域中。19世纪中期以后,外国机制商品开始涌入,中国传统耕织结合的自然经济基础被逐步瓦解。

——摘编自郑学檬《简明中国经济通史》等