思想是行动的先导。在历史发展的重大转折时期，思想影响着社会发展。阅读材料，回答问题。

材料一：“新皇帝开始将早先在本国取得辉煌成功的法家学说应用到全中国。他将统一后的广阔国土划分为若干行政区，每一行政区都配备一批由中央政府任命并向中央政府负责的官员。……此外，新皇帝还统一度量衡和货币……”

——斯塔夫里阿诺斯《全球通史》

材料二：“立法权赋予国会……行政权赋予总统……司法权赋予最高法院大法官……”                                            ——1787年美国宪法

    Rick is a good man．He makes birthday cakes in a shop．His cakes are great and have very good prices，so many people buy his cakes．He makes friends with lots of his customers(顾客)．They all like him very much．One evening．he wants to go home，but many of his old customers come in．Rick smiles(微笑)to them，“I am sorry．It is late today．If you need cakes，please come tomorrow．”One of them takes out a nice cake and says to him，“You make so many great cakes for us．This birthday cake is for you．Happy birthday, Rick．”

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