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When he was a little child, Andrew had a serious bad habit of sucking(吮吸) his fingers all day long, especially when he had nothing interesting to do: when he was sleeping, when watching TV, when sitting on the sofa and so on. At the beginning, his parents didn’t think it was a bad habit.

Therefore, as time goes by, the boy couldn’t give up his habit. Now, in his twenties, Andrew seems to have developed the bad habit into another one: he always bites his nails(指甲). He cannot stop biting his nails all the time. There’re moments when he even doesn’t know that he is doing it. He realized it was a problem and this worried him a lot. Some of his friends told him about this bad habit, and he stops for a while. But then, if he isn’t busy doing something, he starts biting his nails again!

      In fact, there're a lot of bacteria(细菌) in your nails and they can cause some disease. Also, the nails will become ugly and hard to recover. The worst thing is that this bad habit will bring the mental illness(心理疾病). If people cannot correct it in time, it can affect man’s mental health.

In short, bad habits are very worrying, especially when the person with the habit is in public and cannot stop himself or herself doing it. Still, there must be ways to give up these bad habits and these people should try their best to stop doing them.

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【历史上重大改革回眸】

材料

1840年鸦片战争后,西方列强借口中国的司法制度过于野蛮残酷,不能适用于西方人,因此强迫清政府承认外国的领事裁判权。1906年秋清廷设立专门司职审判的大理院,从机构设立上启动了行政、司法分立的进程,如果说这一改革还只是对传统体制稍加变动的话,那么在地方各级,从袁世凯在天津府地方试办新式审判厅开始,到京师地方、东三省及江苏等地试办各级审判厅,以及后来各省城、商埠各级审判厅等各级新式审判机构的设立,无疑是对传统体制的重大突破。从其人员任用上看,传统体制中,各级行政官即是审判官,审判所需的法学专门知识主要是靠其司法审判的辅佐人员,而新式审判机构的审判官员,既需要较长时期的专业学习,考试选拔合格,并经过一定时期的试用后,才能正式成为其一员。袁世凯在天津试办新式审判厅时,“经试办数月,积牍一空,民间称便”,甚至开厅以后,洋商因为该厅审判公正,“亦有不先赴该国领事投禀而径赴该厅起诉者”。清末政府通过《大清刑事民事诉讼法》草案以及其后几部法律,第一次在中国历史上规定了辩护和律师制度。被告人有权对自己所受到的控诉进行辩护,并随时可以自己选任或由法定代理人为其选任辩护人。

——春杨《论清末中国司法体制的转型及其历史启示》